# The Expanding Frontier

> Where human progress is, where it's heading, and how far to the next milestone. An interactive, sourced map of 4,284 technological, scientific and institutional advances across 11 domains, from the first stone tools to the open frontier, with dependencies, dates, evenhanded verdicts and an estimate of how close each frontier milestone is.

Primary source is Grokipedia, with Wikipedia, Wikidata and primary sources as backups. Unverified results are flagged `claimed`. Status: `achieved`, `frontier` (emerging now) or `future` (speculative). The interactive map at / needs JavaScript; every fact is also available as static HTML and data below. Data licence: CC BY 4.0.

## Data
- [nodes.json](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/nodes.json): every advance (id, name, year, domain, status, summary, verdict, dependencies, sources, confidence, description, description_source: "curated tree data", "Grokipedia", "generated from tree data" or "curated + generated from tree data"; future-milestone distances are illustrative)
- [nodes.csv](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/nodes.csv): the same as CSV
- [frontier.json](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/frontier.json): frontier and future advances ordered by closeness, with progress and distance-to-milestone data
- [efforts.json](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/efforts.json): live efforts pushing the frontier (who, size tier, verified funding where found, status, next milestone as stated by the organisation, sources, last checked); `claimed` marks unconfirmed items
- [efforts.csv](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/efforts.csv): the same as CSV
- [startups.json](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/startups.json): 788 frontier startups & funded programs (tier edge/enabler/diffusion, size basis: private funding, market cap or headcount, status, attached node, sources; `claimed` = no figure confirmed in a fetched source; diffusion-tier SaaS listed but not drawn; overlaps with efforts merged into efforts.json)
- [startups.csv](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/startups.csv): the same as CSV
- [scorecard.json](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/scorecard.json): delivery scorecard, 94 stated company milestones (claim, claimed date, outcome hit/late/missed/abandoned/pending/unknown, claim and resolution sources); 39 resolved, hit rate 33%. Caveat: sample biased toward famous, ambitious claims, not a base rate. startups.json also carries v4 editorial verdicts (verdict_class, verdict confidence/rationale/note, and 0-5 ambition/advancement/capital_efficiency/integrity scores with one-line reasons; null = not enough evidence; editorial judgements based on cited sources, not investment advice) and sourced flags, which are reported allegations or regulatory actions, not findings
- [scorecard.csv](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/scorecard.csv): the same as CSV
- [efforts.csv](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/efforts.csv): live efforts as CSV
- [money.json](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/money.json): annual venture funding series shown in the map's money panel (approximate, series overlap, 2026 YTD); also [money.csv](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/money.csv)
- [saas_diffusion.json](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/saas_diffusion.json): source table for funding series by year with source URLs and notes (blank = no solid source); also [saas_diffusion.csv](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/saas_diffusion.csv)
- [llms-full.txt](https://expandingfrontier.ai/llms-full.txt): this index plus the plain-text content of efforts, startups by verdict, track record and down-the-road milestones
- [domains.json](https://expandingfrontier.ai/data/domains.json): the 11 domains with counts

## Pages
- [Live efforts](https://expandingfrontier.ai/frontier#efforts): 79 current projects by domain
- [Frontier startups](https://expandingfrontier.ai/frontier#startups): 676 edge startups and 37 enablers by domain
- [Track record](https://expandingfrontier.ai/frontier#track-record): resolved company milestones vs outcomes
- [Startups by verdict](https://expandingfrontier.ai/frontier#startups-by-verdict): assessed startups grouped by editorial verdict class
- [Down the road](https://expandingfrontier.ai/frontier#down-the-road): future milestones by progress
- [Open frontier](https://expandingfrontier.ai/frontier): every open milestone, closest first
- [Architecture & the Arts](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/architecture-and-the-arts): 95 advances
- [Philosophy & Institutions](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/philosophy-and-institutions): 317 advances
- [Money & Markets](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/money-and-markets): 82 advances
- [Math & Physics](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/math-and-physics): 770 advances
- [Information](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/information): 935 advances
- [Energy](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/energy): 252 advances
- [Manufacturing & Robotics](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/manufacturing-and-robotics): 135 advances
- [Military](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/military): 223 advances
- [Transport & Space](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/transport-and-space): 665 advances
- [Chemistry & Materials](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/chemistry-and-materials): 244 advances
- [Life Sciences](https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/life-sciences): 566 advances

## Citing
Cite as: The Expanding Frontier, "<advance name>", https://expandingfrontier.ai/domain/<domain>#<id> (accessed <date>), dataset version v3.8 (2026.10.28-v2.9-audit+v3.6-eggs+v3.7-domains11). Prefer citing the original sources listed in each record's `sources`.

## Caveats
- Verdict classes and 0-10 / 0-5 scores are editorial judgements based on cited sources; not investment advice.
- Sourced flags are allegations or regulatory actions as reported by the cited source, not findings by this site. Unverified keyword-screen concerns are never published.
- claimed = no figure confirmed in a fetched source.
- Rows with counted=false (merged into another company, e.g. xAI/Starlink/Grokipedia into SpaceX) are excluded.
- Funding/market cap/headcount are point-in-time figures from the linked sources; market caps fluctuate.
- Track record sample is biased toward famous, ambitious, well-documented claims; hit rates are not base rates.


# Full text (generated from /frontier)

## Live efforts

79 current projects pushing the frontier, by domain. Funding is shown only when the figure was found in a fetched source. Next milestones are the organisation's own stated targets; “claimed” marks items not confirmed in the fetched sources. Data: efforts.json, efforts.csv.

## Architecture & the Arts
- ICON 3D-printed construction ICON · tier M · deploying — Pushing toward: Autonomous construction robots — Next (as stated): Printed lunar construction under NASA Project Olympus — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/ICON_(company) https://www.iconbuild.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Sagrada Família completion (Tower of Jesus Christ) Junta Constructora del Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família · tier M · construction — Pushing toward: Autonomous construction robots — Next (as stated): Tower of Jesus Christ topped out for the 2026 Gaudí centenary · 2026 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Sagrada_Família https://sagradafamilia.org/en/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Long Now 10,000-Year Clock The Long Now Foundation · tier S · $42M · construction — Pushing toward: Planetary stewardship institutions — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Clock_of_the_Long_Now https://longnow.org/clock/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Arch Mission Foundation lunar libraries Arch Mission Foundation · tier S · operating — Pushing toward: Permanent lunar base — Sources: https://www.archmission.org/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Chemistry & Materials
- DeepMind GNoME materials discovery Google DeepMind · tier M · research · claimed — Pushing toward: Inverse materials design — Next (as stated): Lab synthesis of predicted stable crystals (claimed) — Sources: https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/millions-of-new-materials-discovered-with-deep-learning/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Periodic Labs autonomous materials lab Periodic Labs · tier M · research — Pushing toward: Self-driving laboratories — Next (as stated): AI-run labs searching for new superconductors — Sources: https://periodic.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Lila Sciences scientific superintelligence Lila Sciences, Flagship Pioneering · tier M · research · claimed — Pushing toward: Self-driving laboratories — Next (as stated): Autonomous science factories (claimed) — Sources: https://www.lila.ai/ · checked 2026-11-01
- HTS magnet tape scale-up for fusion Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Tokamak Energy · tier M · research — Pushing toward: REBCO high-field superconducting magnets at industrial scale — Next (as stated): Demo4 HTS magnet system — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Tokamak_Energy https://tokamakenergy.com/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Energy
- ITER tokamak ITER Organization, EU, China, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, USA · tier XL · $22B · construction — Pushing toward: Commercial fusion power — Next (as stated): Start of research operations (Baseline 2024) · 2034 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/ITER https://www.iter.org/ · checked 2026-11-01
- CFS SPARC tokamak Commonwealth Fusion Systems · tier L · $2B · construction — Pushing toward: Commercial fusion power — Next (as stated): SPARC first plasma, aiming for Q>1 · 2027 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Commonwealth_Fusion_Systems https://cfs.energy/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Helion Polaris / Orion (Microsoft PPA) Helion Energy, Microsoft · tier L · $1B · construction — Pushing toward: Commercial fusion power — Next (as stated): Electricity to Microsoft from the Orion plant · 2028 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Helion_Energy https://www.helionenergy.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- TAE Technologies (aneutronic p-B11 path) TAE Technologies · tier L · $1.2B · research — Pushing toward: Aneutronic fusion (p–B11, D–He3) — Next (as stated): Copernicus device — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/TAE_Technologies https://tae.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- NIF ignition campaign Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory · tier L · $3.5B · operating · claimed — Pushing toward: Commercial fusion power — Next (as stated): Higher-yield ignition shots (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/National_Ignition_Facility https://lasers.llnl.gov/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Fervo Cape Station enhanced geothermal Fervo Energy · tier M · construction — Pushing toward: Superhot-rock geothermal — Next (as stated): Cape Station first power · 2026 — Sources: https://fervoenergy.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- TerraPower Natrium reactor TerraPower · tier L · $2B · construction — Pushing toward: Mass-produced advanced fission — Next (as stated): Natrium plant in Kemmerer, Wyoming · 2030 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/TerraPower https://www.terrapower.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Kairos Power Hermes test reactor Kairos Power, Google · tier M · construction — Pushing toward: Mass-produced advanced fission — Next (as stated): Hermes demonstration reactor operation — Sources: https://kairospower.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Climeworks Mammoth DAC Climeworks · tier M · operating · claimed — Pushing toward: Gigaton-scale carbon removal — Next (as stated): Scale-up toward megaton capture (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Climeworks https://climeworks.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Form Energy iron-air storage Form Energy · tier L · $1B · deploying · claimed — Pushing toward: Long-duration grid storage — Next (as stated): Utility-scale multi-day battery deployments (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Form_Energy https://formenergy.com/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Information
- Stargate AI infrastructure OpenAI, SoftBank, Oracle, MGX · tier XL · $500B · construction — Pushing toward: Zettascale AI compute — Next (as stated): Multi-gigawatt AI data centre campuses · 2029 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/OpenAI https://openai.com/index/announcing-the-stargate-project/ · checked 2026-11-01
- OpenAI frontier models OpenAI · tier XL · operating — Pushing toward: Artificial general intelligence — Next (as stated): Stated mission: artificial general intelligence — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/OpenAI https://openai.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Google DeepMind (Gemini, AlphaFold, AlphaEvolve) Google DeepMind · tier XL · operating — Pushing toward: Artificial general intelligence — Next (as stated): Stated mission: artificial general intelligence — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Google_DeepMind https://deepmind.google/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Anthropic frontier models & interpretability Anthropic · tier XL · operating · claimed — Pushing toward: Mechanistic interpretability — Next (as stated): Interpretability research and frontier model releases (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Anthropic https://www.anthropic.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- xAI Colossus & Grok xAI · tier XL · operating — Pushing toward: Artificial general intelligence — Next (as stated): Colossus 2 expansion — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/XAI_(company) https://x.ai/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Safe Superintelligence Inc. Safe Superintelligence Inc. · tier L · research · claimed — Pushing toward: Verifiable AI alignment and oversight — Next (as stated): Stated goal: a safe superintelligence as its first product (claimed) — Sources: https://ssi.inc/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Google Quantum AI (Willow) error-correction roadmap Google Quantum AI · tier L · research · claimed — Pushing toward: Fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale — Next (as stated): Long-lived logical qubit (roadmap milestone 3) (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Google_Quantum_AI https://quantumai.google/roadmap · checked 2026-11-01
- IBM Quantum Starling IBM · tier L · research — Pushing toward: Fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale — Next (as stated): Starling: 200 logical qubits · 2029 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/IBM_Quantum_Platform https://www.ibm.com/quantum/blog/large-scale-ftqc · checked 2026-11-01
- Quantinuum Helios / Apollo Quantinuum · tier L · operating — Pushing toward: Fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale — Next (as stated): Apollo universal fault-tolerant system · 2029 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Quantinuum https://www.quantinuum.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- PsiQuantum photonic utility-scale machines PsiQuantum · tier L · $1B · construction — Pushing toward: Fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale — Next (as stated): Utility-scale sites in Brisbane and Chicago — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/PsiQuantum https://www.psiquantum.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Lightmatter photonic interconnect Lightmatter · tier M · deploying — Pushing toward: Photonic and optical computing at scale — Next (as stated): Passage co-packaged optics shipments — Sources: https://lightmatter.co/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Life Sciences
- Altos Labs cellular rejuvenation Altos Labs · tier L · $3B · research · claimed — Pushing toward: Partial reprogramming therapies in humans — Next (as stated): Translate partial-reprogramming science toward therapies (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Altos_Labs https://www.altoslabs.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Retro Biosciences (autophagy, plasma, HSC programs) Retro Biosciences · tier M · $180M · clinical — Pushing toward: Clearing aging aggregates — Next (as stated): Phase 1 trial of RTR242 (autophagy, Alzheimer's) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Retro_Biosciences https://www.retro.bio/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Hevolution Foundation geroscience funding Hevolution Foundation · tier L · $1B · funding · claimed — Pushing toward: Aging as an approvable indication — Next (as stated): Grant programs for healthspan research (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Hevolution_Foundation https://hevolution.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- NewLimit epigenetic reprogramming NewLimit · tier M · preclinical · claimed — Pushing toward: Partial reprogramming therapies in humans — Next (as stated): Hepatocyte reprogramming toward a first clinical program (claimed) — Sources: https://www.newlimit.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Life Biosciences ER-100 partial reprogramming Life Biosciences · tier M · clinical — Pushing toward: Partial reprogramming therapies in humans — Next (as stated): First-in-human trial of ER-100 in optic neuropathies — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Life_Biosciences https://www.lifebiosciences.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Calico (Alphabet) aging biology Calico Life Sciences, Alphabet, AbbVie · tier L · $3.5B · research — Pushing toward: Complete causal model of aging — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Calico_(company) https://www.calicolabs.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Loyal dog-lifespan drugs (LOY-002) Loyal · tier M · regulatory — Pushing toward: Aging as an approvable indication — Next (as stated): FDA conditional approval for a dog lifespan-extension drug — Sources: https://loyal.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Neuralink N1 implant trials Neuralink · tier L · $650M · clinical — Pushing toward: High-bandwidth brain–computer interfaces — Next (as stated): Expand PRIME and related human trials — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Neuralink https://neuralink.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Synchron Stentrode Synchron · tier M · clinical — Pushing toward: High-bandwidth brain–computer interfaces — Next (as stated): Pivotal trial of the endovascular BCI — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Synchron https://synchron.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Paradromics Connexus BCI Paradromics · tier S · clinical · claimed — Pushing toward: High-bandwidth brain–computer interfaces — Next (as stated): Connexus clinical study (claimed) — Sources: https://paradromics.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Isomorphic Labs AI drug discovery Isomorphic Labs, Alphabet · tier M · $600M · preclinical — Pushing toward: First AI-discovered drug approved — Next (as stated): First AI-designed candidates into clinical trials — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Isomorphic_Labs https://www.isomorphiclabs.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Arc Institute Virtual Cell Atlas & Challenge Arc Institute · tier M · research · claimed — Pushing toward: Virtual cell to virtual human simulation — Next (as stated): Virtual Cell Challenge rounds (claimed) — Sources: https://arcinstitute.org/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Colossal Biosciences de-extinction Colossal Biosciences · tier M · $435M · research — Pushing toward: Whole-genome synthesis — Next (as stated): Woolly-mammoth-trait elephant calves — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Colossal_Biosciences https://colossal.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- E11 Bio PRISM connectomics E11 Bio · tier S · research · claimed — Pushing toward: Whole mouse-brain connectome — Next (as stated): Whole-mouse-brain connectome (claimed) — Sources: https://e11.bio/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Human Cell Atlas Human Cell Atlas consortium · tier L · research — Pushing toward: Virtual cell to virtual human simulation — Next (as stated): First draft atlas of all human cell types — Sources: https://www.humancellatlas.org/ · checked 2026-11-01
- GRAIL Galleri multi-cancer early detection GRAIL · tier L · regulatory — Pushing toward: Population-scale cancer early detection — Next (as stated): FDA premarket approval submission for Galleri — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Grail_(company) https://grail.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- FlyWire whole-fly-brain connectome Princeton FlyWire consortium · tier S · achieved-step · claimed — Pushing toward: Whole-brain connectome of a fly — Next (as stated): Male fly / full CNS connectomes (claimed) — Sources: https://flywire.ai/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Manufacturing & Robotics
- Figure humanoid robots Figure AI · tier L · $1B · pilot · claimed — Pushing toward: General-purpose humanoid workforce — Next (as stated): Commercial humanoid deployments (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Figure_AI https://www.figure.ai/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Tesla Optimus Tesla · tier L · pilot — Pushing toward: General-purpose humanoid workforce — Next (as stated): Volume production of Optimus — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Optimus_(robot) https://www.tesla.com/AI · checked 2026-11-01
- 1X NEO home humanoid 1X Technologies · tier M · pilot — Pushing toward: General-purpose humanoid workforce — Next (as stated): NEO home deliveries — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/1X_Technologies https://www.1x.tech/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Agility Robotics Digit in warehouses Agility Robotics · tier M · deploying — Pushing toward: General-purpose humanoid workforce — Next (as stated): RoboFab scale-up — Sources: https://www.agilityrobotics.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Physical Intelligence robot foundation models Physical Intelligence · tier M · research · claimed — Pushing toward: Human-level dexterous robot hands — Next (as stated): General-purpose robot policies (π models) (claimed) — Sources: https://www.physicalintelligence.company/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Boston Dynamics electric Atlas Boston Dynamics, Hyundai · tier M · pilot — Pushing toward: General-purpose humanoid workforce — Next (as stated): Atlas pilots in Hyundai plants — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Atlas_(robot) https://bostondynamics.com/atlas/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Math & Physics
- Vera C. Rubin Observatory LSST NSF, DOE SLAC · tier L · operating — Pushing toward: Nature of dark energy — Next (as stated): 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Vera_C._Rubin_Observatory https://rubinobservatory.org/ · checked 2026-11-01
- LISA space gravitational-wave observatory ESA, NASA · tier XL · building — Pushing toward: Space gravitational-wave observatory (LISA) — Next (as stated): Launch · 2035 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/LISA · checked 2026-11-01
- CERN Future Circular Collider study CERN · tier XL · $17B · study — Pushing toward: Next-generation collider (FCC / CEPC) — Next (as stated): CERN Council decision on FCC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Future_Circular_Collider https://fcc.web.cern.ch/ · checked 2026-11-01
- DESI dark-energy survey DOE, Berkeley Lab · tier M · operating · claimed — Pushing toward: Nature of dark energy — Next (as stated): Further evidence on evolving dark energy (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Dark_Energy_Spectroscopic_Instrument https://www.desi.lbl.gov/ · checked 2026-11-01
- LZ dark-matter experiment LZ collaboration · tier S · operating — Pushing toward: Dark matter identified — Next (as stated): Full 1,000 live-day exposure · 2028 — Sources: https://lz.lbl.gov/ · checked 2026-11-01
- AI-for-math: Lean mathlib + AlphaProof Google DeepMind, Lean FRO · tier M · research — Pushing toward: AI-run mathematics — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/AlphaProof https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/ai-solves-imo-problems-at-silver-medal-level/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Military
- NASA NEO Surveyor NASA, JPL · tier M · building — Pushing toward: Planetary defense (asteroid deflection) — Next (as stated): Launch of infrared asteroid-hunting telescope · 2027 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/NEO_Surveyor https://science.nasa.gov/mission/neo-surveyor/ · checked 2026-11-01
- ESA Hera (DART follow-up) ESA · tier M · cruise — Pushing toward: Planetary defense (asteroid deflection) — Next (as stated): Arrival at Didymos/Dimorphos · 2026 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Hera_(space_mission) https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Hera · checked 2026-11-01

## Money & Markets
- MetaDAO futarchy MetaDAO · tier S · operating — Pushing toward: Futarchy: vote on values, bet on beliefs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/MetaDAO https://metadao.fi/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Polymarket prediction markets Polymarket · tier M · operating — Pushing toward: Policy prediction markets and forecasting — Next (as stated): Return to the regulated US market — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Polymarket https://polymarket.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Kalshi CFTC-regulated event contracts Kalshi · tier M · operating — Pushing toward: Policy prediction markets and forecasting — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Kalshi https://kalshi.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Digital euro preparation phase European Central Bank · tier L · preparation — Pushing toward: India Stack — Next (as stated): Possible first issuance (legislation permitting) · 2029 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Digital_euro https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/digital_euro/html/index.en.html · checked 2026-11-01
- Project mBridge multi-CBDC platform PBoC, HKMA, Bank of Thailand, CBUAE, SAMA · tier M · MVP — Pushing toward: India Stack — Sources: https://www.bis.org/about/bisih/topics/cbdc/mcbdc_bridge.htm · checked 2026-11-01

## Philosophy & Institutions
- EU AI Act implementation European Commission AI Office · tier M · in force — Pushing toward: Binding machine-ethics law (Asimov-style laws in statute) — Next (as stated): High-risk system obligations apply · 2026-27 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Artificial_Intelligence_Act https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai · checked 2026-11-01
- vTaiwan / Polis deliberation g0v, Computational Democracy Project · tier S · operating — Pushing toward: AI-mediated deliberation at scale — Sources: https://info.vtaiwan.tw/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Próspera charter city (Honduras) Próspera Inc. · tier S · contested — Pushing toward: Charter cities and governance sandboxes — Next (as stated): Investment-arbitration dispute with Honduras — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Próspera https://prospera.co/ · checked 2026-11-01
- UK AI Security Institute evaluations UK AI Security Institute · tier M · operating · claimed — Pushing toward: International AI compute governance — Next (as stated): Pre-deployment testing of frontier models (claimed) — Sources: https://www.aisi.gov.uk/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Estonia X-Road digital state Republic of Estonia · tier S · operating — Pushing toward: India Stack — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/X-Road https://x-road.global/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Transport & Space
- SpaceX Starship SpaceX · tier XL · testing — Pushing toward: Fully reusable Starship and orbital refilling — Next (as stated): Full reuse and orbital propellant transfer — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/SpaceX_Starship https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/ · checked 2026-11-01
- NASA Artemis program NASA, ESA, JAXA, CSA · tier XL · $93B · flight — Pushing toward: Permanent lunar base — Next (as stated): Crewed lunar landing (Artemis III) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Artemis_program https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Blue Origin New Glenn & Blue Moon Blue Origin · tier L · flight — Pushing toward: Permanent lunar base — Next (as stated): Blue Moon lunar lander missions — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Blue_Origin https://www.blueorigin.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- China ILRS lunar research station CNSA, Roscosmos · tier XL · planning — Pushing toward: Permanent lunar base — Next (as stated): Basic station · 2035 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/International_Lunar_Research_Station http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/ · checked 2026-11-01
- AstroForge asteroid prospecting AstroForge · tier S · building — Pushing toward: Asteroid mining — Next (as stated): DeepSpace-2 / Vestri flyby and landing mission — Sources: https://www.astroforge.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Waymo driverless ride-hailing Waymo, Alphabet · tier L · deploying · claimed — Next (as stated): Expansion to more cities (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Waymo https://waymo.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Joby Aviation eVTOL air taxi Joby Aviation · tier L · certification — Next (as stated): FAA type certification and passenger service — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Joby_Aviation https://www.jobyaviation.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- Boom Supersonic Overture Boom Supersonic · tier M · testing — Next (as stated): Overture airliner; XB-1 demonstrator went supersonic — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Boom_Technology https://boomsupersonic.com/ · checked 2026-11-01
- ESA/NASA Mars Sample Return NASA, ESA · tier XL · replanning · claimed — Pushing toward: Humans on Mars — Next (as stated): Architecture decision for returning Perseverance samples (claimed) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Mars_sample-return_mission https://science.nasa.gov/mission/mars-sample-return/ · checked 2026-11-01

## Frontier startups & funded programs

679 edge and 37 enabler organisations by domain (research set, 2026-11-01). 50 overlapping rows are merged into Live efforts above; 22 ordinary enterprise-SaaS rows are listed in the data only. Ended (dead) organisations are listed with status ended and not drawn on the map. Size is private funding, market cap (public) or headcount; “claimed” means no figure was confirmed in a fetched source. Data: startups.json, startups.csv.

## Architecture & the Arts
- Midjourney US · ~11 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Image and video generation — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Midjourney https://midjourney.com
- Runway US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: General world models for video — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Runway https://runwayml.com
- Pika US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Consumer AI video — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Pika https://pika.art
- Luma AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Dream Machine and world models — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_Machine_(text-to-video_model) https://lumalabs.ai
- Black Forest Labs DE · ~70 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: FLUX image models — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_(text-to-image_model) https://bfl.ai
- Stability AI GB · $76M latest round · active — Pushing: Open image models — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability_AI https://stability.ai
- Ideogram CA · $96M funding · active — Pushing: Typography-capable image models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ideogram https://ideogram.ai
- Suno US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: AI music creation — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suno https://suno.com
- Udio US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI music — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udio https://udio.com
- ElevenLabs US · $781M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: AI voice — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/ElevenLabs https://elevenlabs.io
- Higgsfield AI US · $130M funding · active — Pushing: AI video for creators — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Higgsfield_AI https://higgsfield.ai
- Moonvalley US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Licensed-data film models — Sources: https://moonvalley.com
- Kuaishou Kling CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Kling video models — Sources: https://klingai.com
- Character.AI US · $150M latest round · active — Pushing: AI characters — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Character.AI https://character.ai
- Inworld AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI NPCs for games — Sources: https://inworld.ai
- Decart IL · $300M latest round · active — Pushing: Real-time generative worlds — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decart https://decart.ai
- Krea US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Real-time creative AI — Sources: https://krea.ai
- Promise US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: GenAI film studio — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Promise https://promise.ai
- Asteria US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Clean-model film studio — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteria https://asteria.ai
- Cosm US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Shared-reality venues — Sources: https://cosm.com
- Sphere Entertainment US · market cap $3.9B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Immersive venue — Sources: https://thespherevegas.com
- Meow Wolf US · $192M funding · active — Pushing: Immersive art installations — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Meow_Wolf https://meowwolf.com
- teamLab JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Digital art museums — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OnlyOffice https://teamlab.art
- Refik Anadol Studio (DATALAND) US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Museum of AI arts — Sources: https://refikanadol.com
- Mighty Buildings US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: 3D-printed homes — Sources: https://mightybuildings.com
- Cuby Technologies US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Mobile home factories — Sources: https://cuby.com
- Long Now Foundation US · ~29 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: 10,000-Year Clock — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Long_Now_Foundation https://longnow.org
- Epic Games (Unreal) enabler · US · $8B latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: real-time 3D engine for simulation and media — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Epic_Games https://epicgames.com
- Roblox US · market cap $30.7B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: AI-assisted creation — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Roblox https://roblox.com
- Hedra US · $44M funding · active — Pushing: Character video — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Hedra https://hedra.com
- Kakao Entertainment KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Webtoons and K-pop IP — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Kakao_Entertainment https://kakaoent.com
- Naver Webtoon KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Global webcomics — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webtoon_(platform) https://webtoon.com
- HYBE KR · ~2,305 people · active — Pushing: AI voice and K-pop platforms — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybe https://hybecorp.com
- Sony AI JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI for creators and games — Sources: https://ai.sony
- Shengshu Technology (Vidu) CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Vidu video model — Sources: https://shengshu.com
- Wonder Dynamics US · ~1,350 people · active — Pushing: AI VFX (Autodesk) — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk https://wonderdynamics.com
- Odyssey US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Interactive world models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Odyssey https://odyssey.world
- Museum of the Future AE · $136M funding · active — Pushing: Future-themed museum — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Museum_of_the_Future https://museumofthefuture.ae
- NEOM The Line SA · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Linear city megaproject — Sources: https://neom.com
- Diriyah Company SA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Heritage giga-project — Sources: https://diriyah.sa
- Zaha Hadid Architects (computational) GB · ~500 people · active — Pushing: Parametric architecture — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Zaha_Hadid_Architects https://zaha-hadid.com

## Chemistry & Materials
- Orbital Materials GB · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AI-designed sorbents and materials — Sources: https://orbitalmaterials.com
- CuspAI GB · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AI materials for carbon capture — Sources: https://cusp.ai
- Radical AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Self-driving materials lab — Sources: https://radical-ai.com
- Boston Metal US · $420M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Molten oxide electrolysis steel — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Metal https://bostonmetal.com
- Stegra (H2 Green Steel) SE · ~3,000 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Hydrogen-based steel plant — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Stegra https://stegra.com
- Electra US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Low-temperature iron refining — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Electra https://electra.earth
- Sublime Systems US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Electrochemical cement — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Sublime_Systems https://sublime-systems.com
- Brimstone US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Carbon-negative cement — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Brimstone https://brimstone.energy
- Terra CO2 US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Low-carbon cement replacement — Sources: https://terraco2.com
- Solugen US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Chemienzymatic chemicals — Sources: https://solugen.com
- Twelve US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: CO2-to-fuel electrochemistry — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12 https://twelve.co
- LanzaTech US · market cap $67M · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Gas fermentation to fuels — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/LanzaTech https://lanzatech.com
- LanzaJet US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Alcohol-to-jet SAF — Sources: https://lanzajet.com
- Infinium US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: eFuels — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Infinium_(company) https://infiniumco.com
- Amogy US · $56M latest round · active · claimed — Pushing: Ammonia power — Sources: https://amogy.co https://amogy.co/news
- Nitricity US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Electrified fertilizer — Sources: https://nitricity.com
- Lilac Solutions US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Ion-exchange lithium extraction — Sources: https://lilacsolutions.com
- KoBold Metals US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AI mineral exploration — Sources: https://koboldmetals.com
- EnergyX US · $75M latest round · active — Pushing: Lithium extraction — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Exploration_Technologies https://energyx.com
- Phoenix Tailings US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Rare-earth metal refining — Sources: https://phoenixtailings.com
- Niron Magnetics US · $100M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Rare-earth-free iron nitride magnets — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Niron_Magnetics https://nironmagnetics.com
- Vulcan Elements US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: US rare-earth magnets — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Vulcan_Elements https://vulcanelements.com
- MP Materials US · market cap $7B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: US rare-earth supply chain — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/MP_Materials https://mpmaterials.com
- Mangrove Lithium CA · $7M funding · active — Pushing: Electrochemical lithium refining — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Mangrove_Lithium https://mangrovelithium.com
- Cemvision SE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Low-carbon cement — Sources: https://cemvision.com
- Graphjet Technology MY · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Graphite from palm waste — Sources: https://graphjettech.com
- Faraday Factory Japan JP · ~100 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: HTS tape scale-up — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Faraday_Factory_Japan https://faraday-factory.com
- SuperOx RU · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: HTS tape — Sources: https://superox.ru
- Atomic Machines US · $250M funding · active — Pushing: Micro-machine factory — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Atomic_Machines https://atomicmachines.com
- Modern Meadow US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Bio-fabricated materials — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Meadow https://modernmeadow.com
- Bolt Threads US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Spider-silk and mycelium materials — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Bolt_Threads https://boltthreads.com
- Ecovative US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Mycelium materials — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecovative_Design https://ecovative.com
- Origin Materials US · market cap $5M · active — Pushing: Carbon-negative plastics — Sources: https://originmaterials.com
- Geno (Genomatica) US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Bio-based chemicals — Sources: https://genomatica.com
- Aether Diamonds US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Diamonds from air CO2 — Sources: https://aetherdiamonds.com
- Svante CA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: MOF sorbent carbon capture — Sources: https://svanteinc.com
- Nuada GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: MOF vacuum capture — Sources: https://nuadaco2.com
- Copernic Catalysts US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Ammonia catalysts — Sources: https://coperniccatalysts.com
- Mattiq US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous catalyst discovery — Sources: https://mattiq.com
- Chemix US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI battery materials — Sources: https://chemix.ai
- Aionics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI electrolytes — Sources: https://aionics.io
- Dunia Innovations DE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous catalyst lab — Sources: https://dunia.ai
- Citrine Informatics enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed — Underpins: materials informatics — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Citrine_Informatics https://citrine.io
- Syzygy Plasmonics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Light-driven chemical reactors — Sources: https://plasmonics.tech
- Air Company US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: CO2-to-alcohol and jet fuel — Sources: https://aircompany.com
- Graphenea ES · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Graphene production — Sources: https://graphenea.com
- Paragraf GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Graphene electronics — Sources: https://paragraf.com
- POSCO HyREX KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Hydrogen reduction steel — Sources: https://posco.com
- Epsilon Advanced Materials IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian graphite anode — Sources: https://epsilonam.com
- Ma'aden SA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Gulf critical minerals — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ma'aden https://maaden.com.sa
- C-Zero US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Methane pyrolysis — Sources: https://czero.energy
- Verdagy US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Electrolyzers — Sources: https://verdagy.com
- 6K US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Microwave plasma battery materials — Sources: https://6kinc.com
- Holocene US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: DAC chemistry — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Holocene https://holocene.earth

## Energy
- General Fusion CA · $22M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Magnetized target fusion demo (LM26) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/General_Fusion https://generalfusion.com
- Zap Energy US · $330M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Sheared-flow Z-pinch fusion — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Zap_Energy https://zapenergy.com
- Pacific Fusion US · ~200 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Pulser-driven inertial fusion net gain — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Pacific_Fusion https://pacificfusion.com
- Thea Energy US · $20M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Planar-coil stellarator — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thea_Energy https://thea.energy
- Type One Energy US · $160M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Stellarator pilot plant (Infinity Two) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Type_One_Energy https://typeoneenergy.com
- Proxima Fusion DE · $150M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: QI stellarator power plant — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Proxima_Fusion https://proximafusion.com
- Marvel Fusion DE · ~78 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Laser-driven nanostructured fusion — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Marvel_Fusion https://marvelfusion.com
- First Light Fusion GB · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Projectile amplifier inertial fusion — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Light_Fusion https://firstlightfusion.com
- Focused Energy DE · $82M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Laser inertial fusion plant — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Focused_Energy https://focused-energy.world
- Xcimer Energy US · $100M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Excimer-laser inertial fusion — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Xcimer_Energy https://xcimer.com
- Realta Fusion US · $36M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Magnetic mirror fusion — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Realta_Fusion https://realtafusion.com
- Avalanche Energy US · $105M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Micro-fusion orbitron — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Avalanche_Energy https://avalanchefusion.com
- Energy Singularity CN · $9.8B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: HTS tokamak (HH70) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Energy_Singularity https://energysingularity.cn
- Inertia Enterprises US · $1.5B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Laser inertial fusion power — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Inertia_Enterprises https://inertia.energy
- X-energy US · size unknown · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Xe-100 HTGR SMR — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/X-energy https://x-energy.com https://investors.x-energy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/x-energy-announces-pricing-upsized-initial-public-offering
- Oklo US · market cap $4.7B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Aurora microreactor powerhouse — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Oklo https://oklo.com
- NuScale Power US · market cap $2.3B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: First NRC-certified SMR — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/NuScale_Power https://nuscalepower.com
- Kalo US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Modular reactors for data centers — Sources: https://kaloenergy.com
- Valar Atomics US · $19M latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: HTGR criticality under DOE pilot — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Valar_Atomics https://valaratomics.com
- Aalo Atomics US · $136M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Aalo-X sodium-cooled microreactor — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Aalo_Atomics https://aalo.com
- Radiant Industries US · $300M latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Kaleidos portable microreactor test — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_Nuclear https://radiantnuclear.com
- Last Energy US · $100M latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Factory-built 20MW PWR — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Last_Energy https://lastenergy.com
- Deep Fission US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Borehole reactor — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Deep_Fission https://deepfission.com
- Newcleo FR · ~1,000 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Lead-cooled fast reactor — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcleo https://newcleo.com
- Holtec International US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: SMR-300 at Palisades — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Holtec_International https://holtecinternational.com
- Copenhagen Atomics DK · $30M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Thorium molten-salt reactor — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Copenhagen_Atomics https://copenhagenatomics.com
- Antares Nuclear US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Microreactors for defense — Sources: https://antares.energy
- Natura Resources US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Molten-salt research reactor — Sources: https://naturaresources.com
- Quaise Energy US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Millimeter-wave superdeep drilling — Sources: https://quaise.com
- Eavor Technologies CA · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Closed-loop geothermal — Sources: https://eavor.com
- Sage Geosystems US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Geopressured geothermal storage — Sources: https://sagegeosystems.com
- Zanskar US · ~2,000 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: AI-guided conventional geothermal exploration — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Zanskar https://zanskar.com
- XGS Energy US · $40M funding · active — Pushing: Solid-state closed-loop geothermal — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/XGS_Energy https://xgsenergy.com
- QuantumScape US · market cap $2.5B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Solid-state lithium-metal cells — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/QuantumScape https://quantumscape.com
- Solid Power US · market cap $440M · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Sulfide solid electrolyte — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Solid_Power https://solidpowerbattery.com
- Sila Nanotechnologies US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Silicon anode materials (Moses Lake) — Sources: https://silanano.com
- Group14 Technologies US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Silicon-carbon anode — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group14_Technologies https://group14.technology
- Northvolt SE · $13B funding · dead (insolvent Mar 2025; assets acquired by Lyten Aug 2025) · verdict: Squandered — Pushing: European gigafactories — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Northvolt https://northvolt.com
- Factorial Energy US · $40M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Quasi-solid-state cells — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Factorial_Energy https://factorialenergy.com
- Lyten US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Lithium-sulfur batteries — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyten https://lyten.com
- Natron Energy US · size unknown · dead (closed facilities 2025-09-03 after failed fundraising) · claimed · verdict: Squandered — Pushing: Sodium-ion (Prussian blue) — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natron_Energy https://natron.energy https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/facing-liquidity-problems-sodium-ion-startup-natron-energy-closes-its-doors/
- Redwood Materials US · ~1,500 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Battery recycling + grid storage — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Redwood_Materials https://redwoodmaterials.com
- Ascend Elements US · $704M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Hydro-to-cathode recycling — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ascend_Elements https://ascendelements.com
- Our Next Energy US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Long-range LFP packs — Sources: https://one.ai
- CATL CN · market cap $161.5B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Sodium-ion and condensed batteries — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/CATL https://catl.com
- ESS Inc US · market cap $6M · active — Pushing: Iron flow batteries — Sources: https://essinc.com
- Energy Vault CH · market cap $560M · active · verdict: Tepid / rent-seeking — Pushing: Gravity and hybrid storage — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Energy_Vault https://energyvault.com
- Hydrostor CA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Advanced compressed air storage — Sources: https://hydrostor.ca
- Antora Energy US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Thermal batteries for industry — Sources: https://antora.energy
- Rondo Energy US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Heat batteries — Sources: https://rondo.com
- Electric Hydrogen US · $700M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: 100MW electrolyzer plants — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Electric_Hydrogen_(company) https://eh2.com
- Koloma US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Natural geologic hydrogen — Sources: https://koloma.com
- Monolith US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Methane pyrolysis hydrogen/carbon black — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Monolith https://monolith-corp.com
- Swift Solar US · $27M latest round · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Perovskite tandem solar — Sources: https://swiftsolar.com https://www.swiftsolar.com/news
- Oxford PV GB · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Perovskite-silicon tandem modules — Sources: https://oxfordpv.com
- Tandem PV US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Perovskite tandem panels — Sources: https://tandempv.com
- Heirloom Carbon US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Limestone-based DAC — Sources: https://heirloomcarbon.com
- CarbonCapture Inc US · $80M latest round · active · claimed — Pushing: Modular DAC — Sources: https://carboncapture.com https://www.carboncapture.com/
- Charm Industrial US · $108M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Bio-oil sequestration — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Charm_Industrial https://charmindustrial.com
- Terabase Energy US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Robotic solar farm construction — Sources: https://terabase.energy
- Base Power US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Distributed home batteries as virtual power plant — Sources: https://basepowercompany.com
- Exowatt US · $90M funding · active — Pushing: Thermal solar power for data centers — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exowatt https://exowatt.com
- Crusoe enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: energy-first AI data centers — Sources: https://crusoe.ai
- Mitra Chem US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: AI-designed iron-based cathodes — Sources: https://mitrachem.com
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power i-SMR KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Innovative SMR design approval — Sources: https://khnp.co.kr
- Helical Fusion JP · ~37 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Helical stellarator power plant — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Helical_Fusion https://helicalfusion.com
- Kyoto Fusioneering JP · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Fusion plant components (UNITY) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Kyoto_Fusioneering https://kyotofusioneering.com
- EX-Fusion JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Laser fusion — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/EX-Fusion https://ex-fusion.com
- Startorus Fusion CN · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Spherical tokamak — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Startorus_Fusion https://startorus.com
- Ola Electric (Cell) IN · ~4,000 people · active — Pushing: Indian cell gigafactory — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ola_Electric https://olaelectric.com
- Log9 Materials IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian battery tech — Sources: https://log9materials.com
- ACWA Power SA · ~4,000 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: NEOM green hydrogen — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/ACWA_Power https://acwapower.com
- Masdar AE · $1.8B funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: 24/7 solar+storage gigaproject — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Masdar https://masdar.ae
- NEOM Green Hydrogen Company SA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: World-scale green ammonia — Sources: https://nghc.com
- Africa GreenCo ZM · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: African power offtake — Sources: https://africagreenco.com
- Sun King KE · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Off-grid solar for 100M+ people — Sources: https://sunking.com
- d.light KE · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Off-grid solar — Sources: https://dlight.com
- Husk Power Systems US · $30M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Solar minigrids — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husk_Power_Systems https://huskpowersystems.com
- SES AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Lithium-metal batteries + AI materials — Sources: https://ses.ai
- Sion Power US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Lithium-metal — Sources: https://sionpower.com
- Peak Energy US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Sodium-ion grid storage — Sources: https://peakenergy.com
- Blue Energy US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Factory-built nuclear for data centers — Sources: https://blue-energy.com
- Thorizon NL · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Molten-salt reactor — Sources: https://thorizon.com
- Blykalla SE · $50M latest round · active — Pushing: Lead-cooled SMR — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Blykalla https://blykalla.com
- Steady Energy FI · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: District-heating SMR — Sources: https://steadyenergy.fi
- Gauss Fusion DE · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: European fusion power plant — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Gauss_Fusion https://gauss-fusion.com
- Novatron Fusion SE · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Magnetic mirror — Sources: https://novatronfusion.com
- Marathon Fusion enabler · United States · $18M funding · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Underpins:  — Sources: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/302200223.html; https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/18/; https://www.marathonfusion.com/about

## Information
- Thinking Machines Lab US · $2B latest round · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Customizable frontier AI — Sources: https://thinkingmachines.ai https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/03/accel-reportedly-in-talks-to-lead-1b-round-for-thinking-machines-at-40b-valuation/
- Mistral AI FR · ~125 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Open-weight European frontier models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Mistral_AI https://mistral.ai https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/08/mistral-raises-e3b-as-sovereign-ai-becomes-big-business/ https://www.cnbc.com/2026/09/08/mistral-ai-funding-valuation-samsung.html
- Cohere CA · $2B funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Enterprise LLMs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Cohere https://cohere.com
- DeepSeek CN · $10B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Open-weight reasoning models — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeepSeek https://deepseek.com
- Moonshot AI CN · $300M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Kimi long-context models — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonshot_AI https://moonshot.cn
- Zhipu AI CN · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: GLM models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Zhipu_AI https://zhipuai.cn
- MiniMax CN · size unknown · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Multimodal foundation models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/MiniMax_(company) https://minimax.io
- Reflection AI US · $130M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Open frontier models and autonomous coding — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Reflection_AI https://reflection.ai
- AI21 Labs IL · $636M funding · active — Pushing: Jamba hybrid models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/AI21_Labs https://ai21.com
- Sakana AI JP · $135M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Nature-inspired AI, AI Scientist — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Sakana_AI https://sakana.ai
- Aleph Alpha DE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Sovereign European AI — Sources: https://aleph-alpha.com
- Inflection AI US · ~70 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Enterprise AI — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Inflection_AI https://inflection.ai
- World Labs US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Large world models — Sources: https://worldlabs.ai
- Magic US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Ultra-long-context code models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Magic https://magic.dev
- Poolside US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AGI via software generation — Sources: https://poolside.ai
- Cursor (Anysphere) enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: AI-native software production — Sources: https://cursor.com https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/17/sources-cursor-in-talks-to-raise-2b-at-50b-valuation-as-enterprise-growth-surges/
- Cognition enabler · US · $2B latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: autonomous software engineering agents — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Cognition https://cognition.ai https://cognition.com/blog/series-e https://www.reuters.com/technology/cognition-ai-raises-2-billion-48-billion-valuation-2026-09-08/
- Perplexity enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: AI answer engine (information retrieval) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Perplexity https://perplexity.ai
- Scale AI enabler · US · $14.3B latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: frontier-model training data and evals — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Scale_AI https://scale.com https://www.theverge.com/meta/685711/meta-scale-ai-ceo-alexandr-wang
- Surge AI enabler · US · ~100 people · active — Underpins: RLHF data for frontier models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Surge_AI https://surgehq.ai
- Mercor enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed — Underpins: expert data for frontier model training — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercor https://mercor.com
- Hugging Face enabler · US · $396M funding · active · verdict: Foundational enabler — Underpins: open-model distribution hub (open AI ecosystem) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Hugging_Face https://huggingface.co
- Databricks enabler · US · $7B funding · active · verdict: Foundational enabler — Underpins: data/AI training platform for frontier models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Databricks https://databricks.com
- CoreWeave enabler · US · market cap $30.3B · active · verdict: Foundational enabler — Underpins: GPU cloud for frontier training — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/CoreWeave https://coreweave.com
- Lambda enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: GPU cloud for AI training — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Lambda https://lambda.ai
- Together AI enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: open-model inference/training cloud — Sources: https://together.ai
- Nscale enabler · GB · $1.3B funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: European AI compute — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Nscale https://nscale.com
- Cerebras Systems US · size unknown · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Wafer-scale AI chips — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebras_Systems https://cerebras.ai https://www.cnbc.com/2026/05/15/nvidia-cerebras-stock-price-ipo.html
- Groq US · $1.8B latest round · acquired (Nvidia deal ~$20B (Dec 2025) per press summary (claimed)) · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: LPU inference chips — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Groq https://groq.com https://www.cnbc.com/2026/05/15/nvidia-cerebras-stock-price-ipo.html
- SambaNova Systems US · $350M latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Reconfigurable dataflow AI chips — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SambaNova_Systems https://sambanova.ai
- Tenstorrent CA · $1B funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: RISC-V AI chips — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Tenstorrent https://tenstorrent.com
- Etched US · $1B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Transformer ASIC (Sohu) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Etched_(company) https://etched.com
- d-Matrix US · $450M funding · active — Pushing: In-memory compute inference — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/d-Matrix https://d-matrix.ai
- Ayar Labs US · $370M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Optical I/O chiplets — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ayar_Labs https://ayarlabs.com
- Celestial AI US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Photonic fabric — Sources: https://celestial.ai
- Rain AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Neuromorphic compute — Sources: https://rain.ai
- Extropic US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Thermodynamic computing — Sources: https://extropic.ai
- Normal Computing US · $85M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Probabilistic thermodynamic chips — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Normal_Computing https://normalcomputing.com
- Rivos US · $370M latest round · active — Pushing: RISC-V data-center chips — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Rivos_(company) https://rivosinc.com
- MatX US · $500M latest round · active — Pushing: LLM training chips — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/MatX https://matx.com
- Cambricon CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Chinese AI accelerators — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambricon_Technologies https://cambricon.com
- Moore Threads CN · market cap $22.7B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Chinese GPUs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Moore_Threads https://mthreads.com
- Biren Technology CN · $991M funding · active — Pushing: Chinese GPGPU — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Biren_Technology https://birentech.com
- Rapidus JP · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: 2nm foundry in Japan — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Rapidus https://rapidus.inc
- Substrate US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: X-ray lithography foundry — Sources: https://substrate.com
- IonQ US · market cap $12.9B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Trapped-ion quantum computers — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/IonQ https://ionq.com
- Rigetti Computing US · market cap $3.8B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Superconducting QC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Rigetti_Computing https://rigetti.com
- D-Wave Quantum CA · market cap $4B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Quantum annealing — Sources: https://dwavequantum.com
- QuEra Computing US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Neutral-atom QC — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuEra https://quera.com
- Atom Computing US · $100M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Neutral-atom QC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Atom_Computing https://atom-computing.com
- Pasqal FR · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Neutral-atom QC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Pasqal https://pasqal.com
- Infleqtion US · $74M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Neutral-atom QC and sensors — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Infleqtion https://infleqtion.com
- Alice & Bob FR · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Cat-qubit fault tolerance — Sources: https://alice-bob.com
- IQM Quantum Computers FI · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Superconducting QC — Sources: https://meetiqm.com
- Xanadu CA · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Photonic QC — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanadu https://xanadu.ai
- Quantum Machines IL · $280M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Quantum control systems — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Quantum_Machines https://quantum-machines.co
- Oxford Ionics GB · size unknown · acquired (acquired by IonQ, completed 2025-09-16) · claimed — Pushing: Electronic qubit control trapped ions — Sources: https://oxfordionics.com https://www.ionq.com/news/ionq-completes-acquisition-of-oxford-ionics-rapidly-accelerating-its-quantum
- Photonic Inc CA · $375M funding · active — Pushing: Spin-photon distributed QC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Photonic_Inc https://photonic.com
- Q-CTRL AU · ~130 people · active — Pushing: Quantum control software and sensing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Q-CTRL https://q-ctrl.com
- Diraq AU · $120M funding · active — Pushing: Silicon spin qubits — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Diraq https://diraq.com
- Silicon Quantum Computing AU · ~40 people · active — Pushing: Atomic-precision silicon QC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Silicon_Quantum_Computing_(company) https://sqc.com.au
- Riverlane GB · $120M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Quantum error correction stack — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Riverlane https://riverlane.com
- Origin Quantum CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Chinese superconducting QC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Origin_Quantum https://originqc.com.cn
- Classiq IL · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Quantum software — Sources: https://classiq.io
- SandboxAQ US · $1B funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Large quantitative models, PQC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/SandboxAQ https://sandboxaq.com
- AST SpaceMobile US · market cap $15.9B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Direct-to-phone satellite broadband — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/AST_SpaceMobile https://ast-science.com
- Lynk Global US · $12M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Satellite-to-phone — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Lynk_Global https://lynk.world
- Cloudflare enabler · US · market cap $100B · active · verdict: Foundational enabler — Underpins: global edge network / internet infrastructure — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Cloudflare https://cloudflare.com
- Tools for Humanity (World) US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Proof-of-personhood (World ID) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/World https://world.org
- Goodfire US · $200M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Mechanistic interpretability — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Goodfire_(company) https://goodfire.ai
- Apollo Research GB · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Deceptive-alignment evals — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Apollo_Research https://apolloresearch.ai
- METR US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Frontier capability evals — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/METR https://metr.org
- Redwood Research US · ~20 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: AI control research — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Redwood_Research https://redwoodresearch.org
- Sarvam AI IN · $41M latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Indian sovereign LLMs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Sarvam_AI https://sarvam.ai
- Krutrim IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian AI models and chips — Sources: https://olakrutrim.com
- Upstage KR · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Solar LLMs — Sources: https://upstage.ai
- LG AI Research (EXAONE) KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: EXAONE models — Sources: https://lgresearch.ai
- Rebellions KR · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Korean AI inference chips — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebellion https://rebellions.ai
- FuriosaAI KR · $246M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: RNGD inference chips — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/FuriosaAI https://furiosa.ai
- Preferred Networks JP · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: MN-Core chips and PLaMo LLMs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Preferred_Networks https://preferred.jp
- G42 AE · ~20,000 people · active — Pushing: Gulf AI infrastructure (Stargate UAE) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/G42_(company) https://g42.ai
- Technology Innovation Institute (Falcon) AE · ~1,000 people · active — Pushing: Falcon open LLMs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Technology_Innovation_Institute https://tii.ae
- HUMAIN SA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Saudi AI infrastructure — Sources: https://humain.com
- Core42 enabler · AE · size unknown · active · claimed — Underpins: sovereign AI cloud — Sources: https://core42.ai
- InstaDeep GB · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: African-founded decision AI — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InstaDeep https://instadeep.com
- Lelapa AI ZA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: African-language AI — Sources: https://lelapa.ai
- Cassava Technologies GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: African AI factory — Sources: https://cassavatechnologies.com
- Baichuan AI CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Chinese LLMs — Sources: https://baichuan-ai.com
- StepFun CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Chinese multimodal LLMs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/StepFun https://stepfun.com
- Enflame CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Chinese training chips — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enflame https://enflame-tech.com
- Quantum Brilliance AU · $20M latest round · active — Pushing: Room-temp diamond QC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Quantum_Brilliance https://quantumbrilliance.com
- QuamCore IL · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Million-qubit superconducting — Sources: https://quamcore.com
- Nord Quantique CA · $11M funding · active — Pushing: Bosonic qubits — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Nord_Quantique https://nordquantique.ca
- Qilimanjaro ES · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Analog QC — Sources: https://qilimanjaro.tech
- EeroQ US · $8M funding · active — Pushing: Electrons-on-helium qubits — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/EeroQ https://eeroq.com
- Quantum Art IL · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Trapped-ion 1000-qubit — Sources: https://quantum-art.tech
- Nvidia enabler · United States · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Foundational enabler — Underpins:  — Sources: https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/nvda/market-cap/; https://grokipedia.com/page/Nvidia

## Life Sciences
- BioAge Labs US · market cap $260M · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Aging-targeted metabolic drugs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/BioAge_Labs https://bioagelabs.com
- Unity Biotechnology US · market cap $3M · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Senolytics — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Unity_Biotechnology https://unitybiotechnology.com
- Cambrian Bio US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Longevity pipeline — Sources: https://cambrianbio.com
- Juvenescence GB · $19M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Longevity therapeutics — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Juvenescence https://juvenescence.com
- Xaira Therapeutics US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AI-designed proteins and drugs — Sources: https://xaira.com
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals US · market cap $2.4B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Industrialized drug discovery — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Recursion_Pharmaceuticals https://recursion.com
- Insilico Medicine US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Generative-AI drugs (rentosertib) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Insilico_Medicine https://insilico.com
- Generate Biomedicines US · $700M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Generative protein design — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Generate_Biomedicines https://generatebiomedicines.com
- EvolutionaryScale US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: ESM protein language models — Sources: https://evolutionaryscale.ai
- Chai Discovery US · $70M latest round · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Molecular structure prediction — Sources: https://chaidiscovery.com https://www.chaidiscovery.com/news
- Inceptive US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: mRNA design — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inchoative_aspect https://inceptive.life
- Profluent US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AI-designed gene editors (OpenCRISPR) — Sources: https://profluent.bio
- Latent Labs GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Generative protein design — Sources: https://latentlabs.com
- Formation Bio US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI-accelerated trials — Sources: https://formation.bio
- Owkin FR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Federated AI for pathology — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owkin https://owkin.com
- Absci US · market cap $1.9B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Generative antibodies — Sources: https://absci.com
- Iambic Therapeutics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI-discovered oncology drugs — Sources: https://iambic.ai
- CRISPR Therapeutics CH · market cap $5B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Casgevy CRISPR therapy — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/CRISPR_Therapeutics https://crisprtx.com
- Intellia Therapeutics US · market cap $1.7B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: In vivo CRISPR — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Intellia_Therapeutics https://intelliatx.com
- Beam Therapeutics US · market cap $2.8B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Base editing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Beam_Therapeutics https://beamtx.com
- Prime Medicine US · market cap $850M · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Prime editing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Prime_Medicine https://primemedicine.com
- Verve Therapeutics US · $123M funding · acquired (acquired by Eli Lilly, completed 2025-07-25) · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: One-time cholesterol editing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Verve_Therapeutics https://vervetx.com https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-completes-acquisition-verve-therapeutics-advance-one-time
- Mammoth Biosciences US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Compact CRISPR systems — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth_Biosciences https://mammoth.bio
- Arbor Biotechnologies US · $300M funding · active — Pushing: Novel editors — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Arbor_Biotechnologies https://arbor.bio
- Tune Therapeutics US · $200M funding · active — Pushing: Epigenetic silencing of HBV — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Tune_Therapeutics https://tunetx.com
- Chroma Medicine (nChroma) US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Epigenetic editing — Sources: https://nchroma.com
- Tessera Therapeutics US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Gene writing — Sources: https://tesseratherapeutics.com
- Precision Neuroscience US · $53M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Thin-film cortical BCI — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Precision_Neuroscience https://precisionneuro.com
- Blackrock Neurotech US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Utah array BCIs — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Blackrock_Neurotech https://blackrockneurotech.com
- Science Corp US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: PRIMA retinal implant — Sources: https://science.xyz
- Merge Labs US · $1.3B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Non-invasive high-bandwidth BCI — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Merge_Labs https://merge.io
- Neuracle CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Chinese implanted BCI — Sources: https://neuracle.cn
- Forest Neurotech US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Ultrasound neuroimaging — Sources: https://forestneurotech.org
- Nudge US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Non-invasive ultrasound neuromodulation — Sources: https://nudge.com
- Ginkgo Bioworks US · market cap $750M · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Cell programming platform — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ginkgo_Bioworks https://ginkgobioworks.com
- Asimov US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Genetic design automation — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov https://asimov.com
- Synthego US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: CRISPR synthesis — Sources: https://synthego.com
- Ansa Biotechnologies US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Enzymatic DNA synthesis — Sources: https://ansabio.com
- Elegen US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Long DNA synthesis — Sources: https://elegenbio.com
- Cultivarium US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Open tools for new microbes — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_Research https://cultivarium.org
- Pivot Bio US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Microbial nitrogen — Sources: https://pivotbio.com
- Inari Agriculture US · $720M funding · active — Pushing: Gene-edited seeds — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Inari_Agriculture_(company) https://inari.com
- eGenesis US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Gene-edited pig organs — Sources: https://egenesis.com
- United Therapeutics (Revivicor) US · market cap $25.7B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Xenokidney trials — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/United_Therapeutics https://unither.com
- Freenome US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Blood cancer screening — Sources: https://freenome.com
- Hippocratic AI US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Safety-focused healthcare agents — Sources: https://hippocraticai.com
- OpenEvidence US · $700M latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Medical AI search — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/OpenEvidence https://openevidence.com
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (islet cells) US · market cap $141.6B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Stem-cell islets for T1D — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals https://vrtx.com
- Sana Biotechnology US · market cap $760M · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Hypoimmune cells — Sources: https://sana.com
- Orca Bio US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Precision cell therapy — Sources: https://orcabio.com
- Lyell Immunopharma US · market cap $270M · active — Pushing: Solid-tumor CAR-T — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyell_Immunopharma https://lyell.com
- Conception Biosciences US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: In vitro gametogenesis — Sources: https://conception.bio
- Gameto US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: iPSC-derived ovarian support cells — Sources: https://gameto.com
- Orchid Health US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Whole-genome embryo screening — Sources: https://orchidhealth.com
- Ultima Genomics US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: $100 genome — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ultima_Genomics https://ultimagenomics.com
- Element Biosciences US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Benchtop sequencing — Sources: https://elementbiosciences.com
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies GB · ~1,400 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Nanopore sequencing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Oxford_Nanopore_Technologies https://nanoporetech.com
- Neko Health SE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Full-body scans — Sources: https://nekohealth.com
- Cradle NL · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Protein engineering AI — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle https://cradle.bio
- XtalPi CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI + robotic drug discovery — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XtalPi https://xtalpi.com
- BeiGene (BeOne) CH · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Global oncology — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeOne_Medicines https://beonemedicines.com
- Legend Biotech US · ~2,900 people · active — Pushing: Carvykti CAR-T — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Legend_Biotech https://legendbiotech.com
- Akeso CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Bispecific ivonescimab — Sources: https://akesobio.com
- Samsung Biologics KR · ~4,900 people · active — Pushing: Biologics CDMO scale — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Samsung_Biologics https://samsungbiologics.com
- Celltrion KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Biosimilars — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Celltrion https://celltrion.com
- Heartseed JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: iPSC heart muscle — Sources: https://heartseed.jp
- Cuorips JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: iPSC cardiomyocyte sheets — Sources: https://cuorips.co.jp
- Sumitomo Pharma iPSC (Racthera) JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: iPSC Parkinson's therapy — Sources: https://racthera.com
- Bugworks IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Novel antibiotics — Sources: https://bugworksresearch.com
- Bharat Biotech IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian vaccines — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Bharat_Biotech https://bharatbiotech.com
- Biovac ZA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: African vaccine manufacturing — Sources: https://biovac.co.za
- Moderna US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: mRNA cancer vaccines — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Moderna https://modernatx.com
- BioNTech DE · ~6,772 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: mRNA cancer immunotherapy — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/BioNTech https://biontech.com
- Kriya Therapeutics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Gene therapy for common diseases — Sources: https://kriyatx.com
- Metagenomi US · $5M latest round · active — Pushing: Metagenomic editors — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Metagenomi https://metagenomi.co
- Scribe Therapeutics US · ~25 people · active — Pushing: CasX editors — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Scribe_Therapeutics https://scribetx.com
- Capstan Therapeutics US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: In vivo CAR-T — Sources: https://capstantx.com
- Umoja Biopharma US · $100M latest round · active — Pushing: In vivo CAR-T — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Umoja_Biopharma https://umoja-biopharma.com
- Eikon Therapeutics US · $1.1B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Super-resolution microscopy drug discovery — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Eikon_Therapeutics https://eikontx.com
- Clock.bio GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Rejuvenation via stem cells — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Clock.bio https://clock.bio
- Rubedo Life Sciences US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Senolytics — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Rubedo_Life_Sciences https://rubedolife.com
- Bioptimus FR · $35M latest round · active · claimed — Pushing: Biology foundation models — Sources: https://bioptimus.com https://www.bioptimus.com/news
- Noetik US · $40M latest round · active · claimed — Pushing: Cancer foundation models — Sources: https://noetik.ai https://www.noetik.ai/news
- Enveda US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Natural-product drugs — Sources: https://enveda.com
- Atomic AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: RNA structure AI — Sources: https://atomic.ai
- Turn Biotechnologies United States · $29M latest round · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: mRNA epigenetic reprogramming (ERA) — Sources: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/301523790.html; https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/301278691.html
- Rejuvenate Bio United States · $6M latest round · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AAV gene therapy for age-related disease (RJB-01 canine MVD) — Sources: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230518005611/en/; https://rejuvenatebio.com

## Manufacturing & Robotics
- Apptronik US · $935M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Apollo humanoid — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Apptronik https://apptronik.com
- Unitree Robotics CN · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Low-cost humanoids and quadrupeds — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitree_Robotics https://unitree.com
- UBTech Robotics CN · market cap $4.1B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Walker S industrial humanoid — Sources: https://ubtrobot.com
- AgiBot CN · ~1,000 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Mass-produced humanoids — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/AgiBot https://agibot.com
- Galbot CN · $800M funding · active — Pushing: Wheeled humanoid generalist — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Galbot https://galbot.com
- Fourier Intelligence CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: GR-series humanoids — Sources: https://fftai.com
- Sanctuary AI CA · $140M funding · active — Pushing: General-purpose robots (Phoenix) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Sanctuary_AI https://sanctuary.ai
- The Bot Company US · $302M latest round · active — Pushing: Household robot — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/The_Bot_Company https://thebotcompany.com
- Skild AI US · $1.8B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Universal robot brain — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Skild_AI https://skild.ai https://www.skild.ai/blogs/series-c https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/14/robotic-software-maker-skild-ai-hits-14b-valuation/
- Field AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Field foundation models for autonomy — Sources: https://fieldai.com
- Covariant US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Warehouse picking AI — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_(disambiguation) https://covariant.ai https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-covariant-ai-robots
- Dyna Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Commercial robot foundation model — Sources: https://dyna.co
- Genesis AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Physics simulation for robotics — Sources: https://genesis-ai.company
- Mytra US · $200M funding · active — Pushing: 3D storage robots — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Mytra https://mytra.ai
- Dexterity US · $291M funding · active — Pushing: Robotic truck loading — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Dexterity_Inc https://dexterity.ai
- Symbotic US · market cap $23B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Warehouse automation — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Symbotic https://symbotic.com
- Locus Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous mobile robots — Sources: https://locusrobotics.com
- Formic US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Robots-as-a-service — Sources: https://formic.co
- Bright Machines US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Software-defined manufacturing — Sources: https://brightmachines.com
- Machina Labs US · $124M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Robotic sheet-metal forming — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Machina_Labs https://machinalabs.ai
- Hadrian US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Automated precision factories — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Hadrian https://hadrian.co
- Divergent Technologies US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AI-designed additive manufacturing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Divergent_Technologies https://divergent3d.com
- Relativity Space US · $45M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: 3D-printed rockets (Terran R) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Relativity_Space https://relativityspace.com
- Carbon US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: DLS 3D printing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Carbon https://carbon3d.com
- Desktop Metal US · $48M funding · dead (acquired by Nano Dimension Apr 2025; assets sold out of bankruptcy Sep 2025) · verdict: Squandered — Pushing: Metal binder-jet printing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Desktop_Metal https://desktopmetal.com
- Built Robotics US · $112M funding · active — Pushing: Autonomous construction equipment — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_Robotics https://builtrobotics.com
- Dusty Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Layout robots — Sources: https://dustyrobotics.com
- Intuitive Surgical US · market cap $152.6B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: da Vinci 5 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Intuitive_Surgical https://intuitive.com
- CMR Surgical GB · $1B funding · active — Pushing: Versius — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/CMR_Surgical https://cmrsurgical.com
- Monogram Technologies US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous orthopedic robot — Sources: https://monogramtechnologies.com
- Zipline US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Autonomous drone delivery — Sources: https://flyzipline.com
- Wing US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Drone delivery at scale — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Wing https://wing.com
- Serve Robotics US · market cap $220M · active — Pushing: Sidewalk delivery — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Serve_Robotics_Inc https://serverobotics.com
- Starship Technologies US · $100M funding · active — Pushing: Sidewalk delivery robots — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Starship_Technologies https://starship.xyz
- Carbon Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Laser weeding — Sources: https://carbonrobotics.com
- Monarch Tractor US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous electric tractor — Sources: https://monarchtractor.com
- Gecko Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Infrastructure inspection robots — Sources: https://geckorobotics.com
- ANYbotics CH · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Legged inspection robots — Sources: https://anybotics.com
- Path Robotics US · $271M funding · active — Pushing: Autonomous welding — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Path_Robotics https://path-robotics.com
- Standard Bots US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Robot arms — Sources: https://standardbots.com
- Collaborative Robotics US · $100M latest round · active · claimed — Pushing: Proxie mobile manipulator — Sources: https://co.bot https://www.co.bot/news
- Neura Robotics DE · ~300 people · active — Pushing: Cognitive robots — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neura_Robotics https://neura-robotics.com
- Kepler Robotics CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: K2 humanoid — Sources: https://gotokepler.com
- Leju Robotics CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Kuavo humanoid — Sources: https://lejurobot.com
- Xpeng Robotics (IRON) CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: IRON humanoid — Sources: https://xpeng.com
- Engine AI CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: SE01 humanoid — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EngineAI https://engineai.com.cn
- Robot Era CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: STAR1 humanoid — Sources: https://robotera.com
- Dobot CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Cobots and Atom humanoid — Sources: https://dobot-robots.com
- Astribot CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: S1 home robot — Sources: https://astribot.com
- X Square Robot CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Embodied AI models — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Square_Robot https://x2robot.com
- Rainbow Robotics KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Korean humanoids (Samsung) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Rainbow_Robotics https://rainbow-robotics.com
- Doosan Robotics KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Cobots — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doosan_Robotics https://doosanrobotics.com
- Mujin JP · $411M funding · active — Pushing: Robot intelligence platform — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Mujin_(company) https://mujin.co.jp
- Telexistence JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Remote-operated store robots — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepresence https://tx-inc.com
- Addverb IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian warehouse robots and humanoid — Sources: https://addverb.com
- Ati Motors IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous industrial vehicles — Sources: https://atimotors.com
- Mentee Robotics IL · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: MenteeBot humanoid — Sources: https://menteebot.com
- Humanoid (SKL) GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: HMND 01 humanoid — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Humanoid https://thehumanoid.ai
- Persona AI US · $27M latest round · active — Pushing: Shipyard humanoids — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Persona_AI https://personainc.ai
- Foundation Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Phantom defense humanoid — Sources: https://foundation.bot
- Weave Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Isaac home robot — Sources: https://weaverobotics.com

## Math & Physics
- Harmonic US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Mathematical superintelligence (Aristotle) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Harmonic https://harmonic.fun
- Axiom Math US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AI mathematician with Lean — Sources: https://axiommath.ai
- Math Inc US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Autoformalization (Gauss) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Math_Inc https://math.inc
- Renaissance Philanthropy (AI for Math Fund) US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI for Math Fund — Sources: https://renaissancephilanthropy.org
- Convergent Research US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: FRO model for science — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_Research https://convergentresearch.org
- FutureHouse US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Automated scientific discovery — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/FutureHouse https://futurehouse.org
- Edison Scientific US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Kosmos AI scientist — Sources: https://edisonscientific.com
- Polymathic AI US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Scientific foundation models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Polymathic_AI https://polymathic-ai.org
- Breakthrough Initiatives US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Breakthrough Listen and Starshot — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Breakthrough_Initiatives https://breakthroughinitiatives.org
- Schmidt Sciences US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Funding AI-accelerated science — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt_Sciences https://schmidtsciences.org
- Astera Institute US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Open science research — Sources: https://astera.org
- Arcadia Science US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Open biology research — Sources: https://arcadiascience.com
- Quantum Motion GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Silicon CMOS qubits — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Quantum_Motion https://quantummotion.tech
- Kipu Quantum DE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Quantum advantage algorithms — Sources: https://kipu-quantum.com
- Phasecraft GB · $34M latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Quantum simulation algorithms — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasecraft https://phasecraft.io
- Quantum Source IL · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Photonic QC — Sources: https://qs.co.il
- Oxford Quantum Circuits GB · ~60 people · active — Pushing: Superconducting QC — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Oxford_Quantum_Circuits https://oqc.tech
- planqc DE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Neutral-atom QC — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planqc https://planqc.eu
- SpinQ CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Desktop quantum computers — Sources: https://spinq.cn
- Nu Quantum GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Quantum networking — Sources: https://nu-quantum.com
- Qunnect US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Quantum network hardware — Sources: https://qunnect.inc
- SQMS (Fermilab) US · ~1,800 people · active — Pushing: Superconducting quantum materials — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Fermilab https://sqmscenter.fnal.gov
- Vaire Computing GB · $4M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Reversible computing chips — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Vaire_Computing https://vaire.co
- Cortical Labs AU · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Neurons-on-chip computers — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Cortical_Labs https://corticallabs.com
- FinalSpark CH · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Brain-organoid computing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/FinalSpark https://finalspark.com
- Starpath Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Lunar water mining — Sources: https://starpath.space
- Physics X enabler · GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Underpins: AI physics simulation for engineering — Sources: https://physicsx.ai
- Luminary Cloud enabler · US · $187M funding · active — Underpins: cloud physics simulation — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Luminary_Cloud https://luminarycloud.com
- Silurian US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Earth-system foundation models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Silurian https://silurian.ai
- Brightband US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI weather — Sources: https://brightband.com
- Tomorrow.io US · $185M funding · active — Pushing: Weather satellites + AI — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Tomorrow.io https://tomorrow.io
- AOSense US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Atom-interferometer sensors — Sources: https://aosense.com
- SBQuantum CA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Diamond magnetometers — Sources: https://sbquantum.com
- Qnami CH · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: NV-center microscopy — Sources: https://qnami.ch
- Q.ANT DE · $80M funding · active — Pushing: Photonic processors — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Q.ANT https://qant.com
- Bluefors FI · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Dilution refrigerators for QC — Sources: https://bluefors.com
- Maybell Quantum US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Compact dilution fridges — Sources: https://maybellquantum.com
- Terra Quantum CH · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Quantum algorithms — Sources: https://terraquantum.swiss
- Epoch AI US · ~13 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: FrontierMath benchmark — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Epoch_AI https://epoch.ai
- Morph Labs US · $6M latest round · active — Pushing: Trinity autoformalization — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Morph_Labs https://morph.so
- Symbolica US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Category-theoretic AI — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Symbolica https://symbolica.ai
- Ndea US · $1.2B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Program synthesis AGI — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ndea https://ndea.com
- ARC Prize Foundation US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: ARC-AGI benchmark — Sources: https://arcprize.org
- XTX Markets AIMO Prize GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI Math Olympiad prize — Sources: https://aimoprize.com

## Military
- Anduril Industries US · $5B latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Autonomous systems, Arsenal-1 factory — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Anduril_Industries https://anduril.com https://www.anduril.com/news/anduril-announces-usd5b-series-h-raise https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/us-defense-firm-anduril-raises-5-billion-doubling-its-valuation-61-billion-2026-05-13/
- Palantir Technologies enabler · US · market cap $442.4B · active · verdict: Foundational enabler — Underpins: AI decision platforms for defense/government (Maven) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Palantir_Technologies https://palantir.com
- Shield AI US · $2B latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Hivemind AI pilot — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Shield_AI https://shield.ai https://shield.ai/shield-ai-to-acquire-software-simulation-company-aechelon-and-raise-2b-at-12-7b-valuation/ https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/defense-technology-startup-shield-ai-valued-127-billion-latest-funding-round-2026-03-26/
- Saronic Technologies US · $1.8B latest round · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Autonomous surface vessels — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Saronic_Technologies https://saronic.com
- Helsing DE · $1.8B latest round · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: AI strike drones (HX-2) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Helsing https://helsing.ai https://linkedin.com/company/helsing
- Quantum Systems DE · $1.2B latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: ISR eVTOL drones — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Systems https://quantum-systems.com https://quantum-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/260702_PR_QS_Series-D_EN.pdf
- Tekever PT · ~550 people · active — Pushing: Long-range ISR drones — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Tekever https://tekever.com
- Skydio US · $170M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Autonomous drones — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Skydio https://skydio.com
- Epirus US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: High-power microwave counter-drone (Leonidas) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Epirus https://epirusinc.com
- Castelion US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Low-cost hypersonic weapons — Sources: https://castelion.com
- Hermeus US · ~249 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Hypersonic aircraft — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Hermeus https://hermeus.com
- Ursa Major US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Solid rocket motors and engines — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ursa_Major https://ursamajor.com
- Chaos Industries US · $510M funding · active — Pushing: Coherent radar — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Chaos_Industries https://chaos.com
- Hidden Level US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Passive RF airspace monitoring — Sources: https://hiddenlevel.com
- Firestorm Labs US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Expeditionary drone manufacturing — Sources: https://firestormlabs.com
- Neros Technologies US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: FPV drones at scale — Sources: https://neros.tech
- Auterion CH · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Drone OS and strike kits — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auterion https://auterion.com
- Mach Industries US · $100M latest round · active — Pushing: Hydrogen-powered strike vehicles — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Mach_Industries https://machindustries.com
- Istari enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed — Underpins: digital engineering for defense systems — Sources: https://istaridigital.com
- Rebellion Defense US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Mission AI software — Sources: https://rebelliondefense.com
- Vannevar Labs US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI for OSINT — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Vannevar_Labs https://vannevarlabs.com
- Applied Intuition enabler · US · $1.2B funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: autonomy simulation for vehicles/defense — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Applied_Intuition https://appliedintuition.com
- Overland AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Off-road ground autonomy — Sources: https://overland.ai
- Forterra US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Ground vehicle autonomy — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forterra https://forterra.com
- Allen Control Systems US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Robotic gun turret (Bullfrog) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Allen_Control_Systems https://allencontrolsystems.com
- Picogrid US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Sensor integration — Sources: https://picogrid.com
- Venus Aerospace US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Rotating detonation engine — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Venus_Aerospace https://venusaero.com
- X-Bow Systems US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Solid rocket motors — Sources: https://xbowsystems.com
- Merlin Labs US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous flight for military aircraft — Sources: https://merlinlabs.com
- Red 6 US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AR combat training — Sources: https://redsix.com
- True Anomaly US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Space domain awareness (Jackal) — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_anomaly https://trueanomaly.space
- Albedo US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Very-low-orbit imagery — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Albedo https://albedo.com
- HawkEye 360 US · $360M latest round · active — Pushing: RF geolocation constellation — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/HawkEye_360 https://he360.com
- BlackSky US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Real-time imagery — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/BlackSky https://blacksky.com
- Capella Space US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: SAR satellites — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Capella_Space https://capellaspace.com
- ICEYE FI · ~1,000 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: SAR constellation — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/ICEYE https://iceye.com
- Baykar TR · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Bayraktar TB2 and Kizilelma — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Baykar https://baykartech.com
- Cambridge Aerospace GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Interceptor missiles (Skyhammer) — Sources: https://cambridgeaerospace.net
- Stark Defence DE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Loitering munitions — Sources: https://stark-defence.com
- ARX Robotics DE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Unmanned ground vehicles — Sources: https://arx-robotics.com
- Swarmbotics AI US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Robot swarms — Sources: https://swarmbotics.ai
- CX2 US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Software-defined EW — Sources: https://cx2.com
- Shift5 US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: OT cybersecurity for weapons — Sources: https://shift5.io
- Hanwha Aerospace KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: K9 howitzers and space — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Hanwha_Aerospace https://hanwhaaerospace.com
- LIG Nex1 KR · ~5,167 people · active — Pushing: Korean missile defense — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/LIG_Nex1 https://lignex1.com
- ideaForge IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian military drones — Sources: https://ideaforgetech.com
- Tonbo Imaging IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Night-vision and imaging — Sources: https://tonboimaging.com
- NewSpace Research & Technologies IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian swarm drones — Sources: https://newspace.co.in
- EDGE Group AE · ~12,000 people · active — Pushing: UAE autonomous weapons — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_Group https://edgegroup.ae
- Paramount Group ZA · ~3,000 people · active — Pushing: African defense industry — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Paramount_Group https://paramountgroup.com
- Terra Industries NG · $12M latest round · active — Pushing: African security autonomy — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Terra_Industries https://terraindustries.ai
- ACSL JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Japanese secure drones — Sources: https://acsl.co.jp
- Comand AI FR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Military C2 AI — Sources: https://comand.ai
- Harmattan AI FR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous drones — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Harmattan_AI https://harmattan.ai
- Destinus NL · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Long-range strike drones — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Destinus https://destinus.com
- Frankenburg Technologies EE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Low-cost interceptors — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Frankenburg_Technologies https://frankenburg.tech
- Skyeton UA · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Raybird ISR drone — Sources: https://skyeton.com

## Money & Markets
- Stripe enabler · US · $2.2B funding · active · verdict: Foundational enabler — Underpins: internet payments rails; stablecoin settlement (Tempo/Bridge) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Stripe_Inc https://stripe.com
- Circle US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: USDC regulated stablecoin — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Circle https://circle.com
- Tether SV · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Tepid / rent-seeking — Pushing: USDT — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Tether https://tether.to
- Coinbase US · market cap $37.9B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Onchain economy, Base L2 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Coinbase https://coinbase.com
- Kraken US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Regulated crypto exchange — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Kraken https://kraken.com
- Ripple US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Cross-border XRP and RLUSD — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripple https://ripple.com
- Chainalysis enabler · US · $100M latest round · active — Underpins: crypto crime forensics (enables regulated crypto) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Chainalysis https://chainalysis.com
- Fireblocks enabler · US · $1B funding · active — Underpins: institutional digital-asset custody rails — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Fireblocks https://fireblocks.com
- Anchorage Digital US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Federally chartered crypto bank — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Anchorage_Digital https://anchorage.com
- Paxos US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Tokenization and stablecoins — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Paxos https://paxos.com
- Securitize US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Tokenized securities (BUIDL) — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securitization https://securitize.io
- Ondo Finance US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Tokenized treasuries and stocks — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ondo_Finance https://ondo.finance
- Plaid enabler · US · size unknown · active · claimed — Underpins: open-banking data rails — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaid https://plaid.com
- Revolut enabler · GB · $5B funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: global digital financial rails — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Revolut https://revolut.com
- Nubank enabler · BR · market cap $56.1B · active · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: digital banking for 100M+ (financial inclusion) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Nubank https://nubank.com.br
- Wise enabler · GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Underpins: cross-border payment rails — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Wise_(company) https://wise.com
- Robinhood US · market cap $76.5B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Tokenized stocks, retail trading — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Robinhood_Inc https://robinhood.com
- Hyperliquid SG · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Onchain perpetuals exchange — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Hyperliquid https://hyperliquid.xyz
- Uniswap Labs US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Automated market makers — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniswap https://uniswap.org
- Aave GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Decentralized lending — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Aave https://aave.com
- Solana Labs US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: High-throughput L1 — Sources: https://solana.com
- Ethereum Foundation CH · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Ethereum roadmap — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ethereum_Foundation https://ethereum.foundation
- Flashbots US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: MEV research — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Flashbots https://flashbots.net
- EigenLayer (Eigen Labs) US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Restaking — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/EigenLayer https://eigenlayer.xyz
- Celestia CH · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Modular data availability — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Celestia https://celestia.org
- Monad Labs US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Parallel EVM — Sources: https://monad.xyz
- Succinct US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Zero-knowledge proving network — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concision https://succinct.xyz
- StarkWare IL · ~190 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: ZK rollups (Starknet) — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarkWare_Industries https://starkware.co
- Bridge (Stripe) US · size unknown · acquired · claimed — Pushing: Stablecoin orchestration — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Bridge https://bridge.xyz
- MoonPay US · $640M funding · active — Pushing: Crypto on-ramps — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/MoonPay https://moonpay.com
- Strategy (MicroStrategy) US · market cap $55.3B · active · verdict: Tepid / rent-seeking — Pushing: Corporate bitcoin treasury — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Strategy https://strategy.com
- Twenty One Capital US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Bitcoin-native company — Sources: https://xxi.money
- Lightspark US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Bitcoin Lightning payments (Spark) — Sources: https://lightspark.com
- Pump.fun US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Memecoin launchpad — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Pump.fun https://pump.fun
- Manifold Markets US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Play-money forecasting — Sources: https://manifold.markets
- Metaculus US · ~50 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Forecasting platform — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Metaculus https://metaculus.com
- Ant Group enabler · CN · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: mobile payments rails (Alipay) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Ant_Group https://antgroup.com
- Paytm enabler · IN · market cap $11.1B · active · verdict: Tepid / rent-seeking — Underpins: UPI payments — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Paytm https://paytm.com
- M-Pesa (Safaricom) enabler · KE · ~24 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Underpins: mobile money rail — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/M-Pesa https://safaricom.co.ke
- Numerai US · $10M latest round · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Crowdsourced AI hedge fund — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Numerai https://numer.ai
- Tabby SA · $160M latest round · active — Pushing: Gulf BNPL — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Tabby_(company) https://tabby.ai
- Flutterwave enabler · NG · $225M funding · active — Underpins: African payments rail — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Flutterwave https://flutterwave.com
- Moniepoint NG · $200M funding · active — Pushing: African digital bank — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moniepoint_Inc. https://moniepoint.com
- OPay NG · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: African mobile payments — Sources: https://opayweb.com
- Wave Mobile Money SN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: West African mobile money — Sources: https://wave.com
- NPCI (UPI) enabler · IN · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Foundational enabler — Underpins: real-time public payments rail — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Payments_Corporation_of_India https://npci.org.in
- Zerodha IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian retail investing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Zerodha https://zerodha.com
- PhonePe enabler · IN · $1B funding · active · verdict: Tepid / rent-seeking — Underpins: UPI payments rail — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/PhonePe https://phonepe.com
- Toss (Viva Republica) KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Korean financial super-app — Sources: https://toss.im
- Upbit (Dunamu) KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Korean crypto exchange — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Upbit https://dunamu.com
- PayPay JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Japanese QR payments — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/PayPay https://paypay.ne.jp
- Binance AE · ~5,300 people · active · verdict: Tepid / rent-seeking — Pushing: Largest crypto exchange — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Binance https://binance.com
- OKX SC · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Crypto exchange — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/OKX https://okx.com
- Bybit AE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Crypto derivatives — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Bybit https://bybit.com
- Telegram TON (TON Foundation) CH · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: TON blockchain — Sources: https://ton.org
- Tempo (Stripe) US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Payments blockchain — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Tempo https://tempo.xyz
- Plasma US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Stablecoin chain — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma https://plasma.to
- Ethena Labs PT · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Synthetic dollar USDe — Sources: https://ethena.fi
- Sky (MakerDAO) US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Decentralized stablecoin — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Sky https://sky.money
- Zcash (Electric Coin Co) US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Shielded payments — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Zcash https://z.cash

## Philosophy & Institutions
- Charter Cities Institute US · ~10 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: New city governance models — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Charter_Cities_Institute https://chartercitiesinstitute.org
- Praxis US · $500M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Network-state city — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Praxis https://praxisnation.com
- Network School SG · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Network-state education hub — Sources: https://ns.com
- Culdesac US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Car-free neighborhoods — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead-end_street https://culdesac.com
- California Forever US · $4B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: New city in Solano County — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/California_Forever https://californiaforever.com
- Polis (Computational Democracy Project) US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Large-scale deliberation — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Polis https://compdemocracy.org
- Collective Intelligence Project US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Democratic AI input — Sources: https://cip.org
- Gitcoin US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Quadratic funding — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Gitcoin https://gitcoin.co
- Optimism Collective US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Retroactive public goods funding — Sources: https://optimism.io
- Protocol Labs US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: IPFS, Filecoin — Sources: https://protocol.ai
- Open Philanthropy (Coefficient Giving) US · $90M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Global catastrophic risk funding — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Coefficient_Giving https://openphilanthropy.org
- Center for AI Safety US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI risk reduction — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_AI_Safety https://safe.ai
- Institute for Progress US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Innovation policy — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Progress https://ifp.org
- Works in Progress GB · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Progress studies magazine — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_in_Progress_(disambiguation) https://worksinprogress.co
- Roots of Progress Institute US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Progress movement — Sources: https://rootsofprogress.org
- Manifund US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Regranting and impact certificates — Sources: https://manifund.org
- Foresight Institute US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Nanotech and longevity grants — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresight_Institute https://foresight.org
- Speculative Technologies US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Nonprofit research programs — Sources: https://spec.tech
- Estonia e-Residency EE · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Digital residency — Sources: https://e-resident.gov.ee
- Bhutan Gelephu Mindfulness City BT · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Special administrative region — Sources: https://gmc.bt
- Nous Research US · $158M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Open decentralized training — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Nous_Research https://nousresearch.com
- Prime Intellect US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Decentralized training — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Prime_Intellect https://primeintellect.ai
- Bittensor (Opentensor Foundation) US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Decentralized AI networks — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Bittensor https://bittensor.com
- Kleros FR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Decentralized courts — Sources: https://kleros.io
- Vitalia / Infinita HN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Pop-up longevity city — Sources: https://infinita.city
- Elicit US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI research assistant — Sources: https://elicit.com
- Community Notes (X) US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Crowdsourced fact-checking — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Community_Notes https://x.com
- Alpha School US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: AI-tutored schooling — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Alpha_School https://alpha.school
- Khan Academy (Khanmigo) US · ~150 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: AI tutor — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Khan_Academy https://khanacademy.org
- Synthesis US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: AI math tutor — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Synthesis_(company) https://synthesis.com
- Zuzalu / Zuitzerland ME · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Pop-up network cities — Sources: https://zuzalu.city
- Itana NG · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Digital free zone (Nigeria) — Sources: https://itana.africa
- Startup Societies Foundation US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Startup societies — Sources: https://startupsocieties.com
- Free Cities Foundation DE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Free private cities — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Free_Cities_Foundation https://freecities.org
- Liberland CZ · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Liberland free society — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Liberland https://liberland.org
- Taiwan Ministry of Digital Affairs TW · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Plurality digital governance — Sources: https://moda.gov.tw
- Aadhaar (UIDAI) IN · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Foundational enabler — Pushing: India Stack digital ID — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Aadhaar https://uidai.gov.in
- Singpass (GovTech Singapore) SG · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: National digital identity — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singpass https://tech.gov.sg
- Dubai Future Foundation AE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Museum of the Future — Sources: https://dubaifuture.ae
- Frontier Model Forum US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Frontier AI safety standards — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Frontier_Model_Forum https://frontiermodelforum.org
- Survival and Flourishing Fund US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Existential-risk grants — Sources: https://survivalandflourishing.fund
- Emergent Ventures (Mercatus) US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Fast grants to talent — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Cowen https://mercatus.org
- Fast Grants US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Fast science grants — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Grants https://fastgrants.org
- Atlas Fellowship US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Talent development — Sources: https://atlasfellowship.org
- Good Judgment Inc US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Superforecasting — Sources: https://goodjudgment.com
- Society Library US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Debate mapping — Sources: https://societylibrary.org

## Transport & Space
- Rocket Lab US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Neutron medium launcher — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Rocket_Lab https://rocketlabusa.com
- Firefly Aerospace US · market cap $3B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Alpha rocket and Blue Ghost lander — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Firefly_Aerospace https://fireflyspace.com
- Stoke Space US · $990M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Fully reusable Nova rocket — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Stoke_Space https://stokespace.com
- ABL Space Systems US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Pivoted to missile defense — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Wall_(aerospace_company) https://ablspacesystems.com
- Isar Aerospace DE · ~400 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Spectrum orbital rocket — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Isar_Aerospace https://isaraerospace.com
- Rocket Factory Augsburg DE · ~150 people · active — Pushing: RFA One — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Rocket_Factory_Augsburg https://rfa.space
- Skyroot Aerospace IN · $95M funding · active — Pushing: Vikram-1 orbital rocket — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Skyroot_Aerospace https://skyroot.in
- Agnikul Cosmos IN · $40M funding · active — Pushing: 3D-printed semi-cryo rocket — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgniKul_Cosmos https://agnikul.in
- LandSpace CN · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Methalox reusable Zhuque-3 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/LandSpace https://landspace.com
- Galactic Energy CN · $700M funding · active — Pushing: Ceres rockets — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Galactic_Energy https://galactic-energy.cn
- Space Pioneer CN · $414M funding · active — Pushing: Tianlong-3 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Space_Pioneer https://spacepioneer.cc
- iSpace (China) CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Hyperbola rockets — Sources: https://i-space.com.cn
- Gilmour Space AU · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Eris rocket — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilmour_Space_Technologies https://gilmourspace.com
- Axiom Space US · $505M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Commercial space station — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Axiom_Space https://axiomspace.com
- Vast US · ~120 people · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Haven-1 station — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Vast_(company) https://vastspace.com
- Voyager Technologies US · market cap $1.6B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Starlab station — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_Technologies https://voyagertechnologies.com
- Sierra Space US · $1.7B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Dream Chaser spaceplane — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Sierra_Space https://sierraspace.com
- Intuitive Machines US · market cap $1.7B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Lunar landers (IM) — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Intuitive_Machines https://intuitivemachines.com
- ispace (Japan) JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Lunar landers — Sources: https://ispace-inc.com
- Astrobotic US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Griffin lunar lander — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology https://astrobotic.com
- Interlune US · $18M latest round · active — Pushing: Helium-3 lunar mining — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Interlune https://interlune.space
- Varda Space Industries US · $51M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Orbital drug manufacturing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Varda_Space_Industries https://varda.com
- Impulse Space US · $500M funding · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Orbital transfer vehicles — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Impulse_Space https://impulsespace.com
- Apex Space US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Mass-produced satellite buses — Sources: https://apexspace.com
- K2 Space US · $50M latest round · active — Pushing: Large high-power satellites — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/K2_Space https://k2space.com
- Planet Labs US · market cap $4.9B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Daily Earth imaging — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Planet_Labs https://planet.com
- Muon Space US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Climate satellites (FireSat) — Sources: https://muonspace.com
- Astranis US · $750M latest round · active — Pushing: Small GEO broadband satellites — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Astranis https://astranis.com
- Eutelsat OneWeb GB · market cap $2.4B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: LEO broadband — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Eutelsat_OneWeb https://oneweb.net
- Starfish Space US · $150M funding · active — Pushing: Satellite docking and life extension — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Starfish_Space https://starfishspace.com
- Astroscale JP · ~612 people · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Debris removal — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Astroscale https://astroscale.com
- Inversion Space US · $44M latest round · active · claimed — Pushing: Space-to-ground cargo — Sources: https://inversionspace.com https://www.inversionspace.com/news
- The Exploration Company DE · $160M latest round · active — Pushing: Nyx reusable capsule — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exploration_Company https://exploration.space
- Aetherflux US · $60M funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Space-based solar power — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboy_Space_Corporation https://aetherflux.com
- Starcloud US · $170M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Orbital data centers — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Starcloud https://starcloud.com
- Zoox US · $800M funding · active — Pushing: Purpose-built robotaxi — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Zoox https://zoox.com
- Wayve GB · $1.3B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Embodied AI driving — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Wayve https://wayve.ai
- Aurora Innovation US · market cap $8.8B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Driverless trucks in Texas — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Aurora_Innovation https://aurora.tech
- Kodiak Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Driverless trucks — Sources: https://kodiak.ai
- Waabi CA · $200M latest round · active — Pushing: Generative AI trucking — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waabi https://waabi.ai
- Pony.ai CN · market cap $2B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Robotaxis in China — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Pony.ai https://pony.ai
- WeRide CN · market cap $1.4B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Robotaxis and robobuses — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/WeRide https://weride.ai
- Baidu Apollo Go CN · market cap $26B · active · verdict: Moonshot — delivering — Pushing: Robotaxi fleet — Sources: https://apollo.auto
- Nuro US · $2.3B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Autonomy licensing — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Nuro https://nuro.ai
- May Mobility US · $194M funding · active — Pushing: Autonomous shuttles — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Mobility https://maymobility.com
- Archer Aviation US · market cap $3.2B · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Midnight air taxi — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Archer_Aviation https://archer.com
- Beta Technologies US · $1B funding · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Alia electric aircraft — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Beta_Technologies https://beta.team
- Wisk Aero US · $450M funding · active — Pushing: Autonomous air taxi — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Wisk_Aero https://wisk.aero
- EHang CN · market cap $270M · active — Pushing: Certified pilotless passenger eVTOL — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/EHang https://ehang.com
- Vertical Aerospace GB · market cap $71M · active — Pushing: VX4 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Vertical_Aerospace https://vertical-aerospace.com
- Eve Air Mobility BR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Eve eVTOL — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Eve_Air_Mobility https://eveairmobility.com
- ZeroAvia GB · $348M latest round · active · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Hydrogen-electric powertrains — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/ZeroAvia https://zeroavia.com
- Heart Aerospace SE · $145M funding · active — Pushing: Regional electric airliner — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Heart_Aerospace https://heartaerospace.com
- JetZero US · size unknown · active · claimed · verdict: Moonshot — unproven — Pushing: Blended-wing-body airliner — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JetZero https://jetzero.aero
- Electra.aero US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Hybrid-electric STOL — Sources: https://electra.aero
- Reliable Robotics US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous cargo aircraft — Sources: https://reliable.co
- Regent Craft US · $240M latest round · active · claimed · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Electric seagliders — Sources: https://regentcraft.com https://www.regentcraft.com/
- Rivian US · market cap $17.6B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Electric trucks and R2 — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Rivian https://rivian.com
- Lucid Group US · market cap $1.2B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: Long-range EVs — Sources: https://lucidmotors.com
- BYD CN · market cap $111.5B · active · verdict: Incremental — Pushing: EV scale and megawatt charging — Sources: https://byd.com
- Parallel Systems US · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Autonomous battery rail cars — Sources: https://moveparallel.com
- AutoFlight CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Prosperity passenger eVTOL — Sources: https://autoflight.com
- XPeng AeroHT (Aridge) CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Land Aircraft Carrier flying car — Sources: https://aerohtglobal.com
- TCab Tech CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: E20 tiltrotor — Sources: https://tcabtech.com
- SkyDrive JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: SD-05 Osaka — Sources: https://skydrive2020.com
- Supernal US · ~31,000 people · active — Pushing: Hyundai eVTOL — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company https://supernal.aero
- Plana Aero KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Hybrid eVTOL — Sources: https://plana.aero
- ePlane Company IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian e200 air taxi — Sources: https://eplane.ai
- Sarla Aviation IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Indian Shunya air taxi — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarla_Aviation https://sarla-aviation.com
- Pixxel IN · $60M funding · active — Pushing: Hyperspectral constellation — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Pixxel https://pixxel.space
- Digantara IN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Space surveillance — Sources: https://digantara.co.in
- Dhruva Space IN · $16M funding · active — Pushing: Indian smallsat platforms — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Dhruva_Space https://dhruvaspace.com
- Synspective JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: SAR constellation — Sources: https://synspective.com
- iQPS JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: SAR constellation — Sources: https://i-qps.net
- Interstellar Technologies JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: ZERO launcher — Sources: https://grokipedia.com/page/Interstellar_Technologies https://istellartech.com
- Space One JP · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: KAIROS rocket — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_One https://space-one.co.jp
- Innospace KR · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: HANBIT hybrid rocket — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innospace https://innospc.com
- Perigee Aerospace KR · ~30 people · active — Pushing: Blue Whale 1 — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perigee_Aerospace https://perigee.space
- Space42 AE · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Gulf satellite and geospatial AI — Sources: https://space42.ai
- Deep Blue Aerospace CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Reusable Nebula rockets — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_Aerospace https://dbaspace.com
- Orienspace CN · size unknown · active · claimed — Pushing: Gravity-1 — Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienspace https://orienspace.com

## Track record

94 stated company milestones, 39 resolved; hit rate 33% (hit ÷ resolved). hit = achieved by the stated date; late = achieved after it (or delay formally announced before the due date); missed = not achieved by the date; abandoned = cancelled; pending = not yet due; unknown = due but no resolution found. Hit rate = hit / (hit+late+missed+abandoned). Caveat: The sample is biased toward famous, ambitious, well-documented claims (often the misses); hit rates are not representative base rates. Claim dates for keynote/SPAC-era claims are approximate; many sources are encyclopedia articles, not primary documents. Data: scorecard.json, scorecard.csv.
- late · Tesla: Model 3 production of 5,000/week by end of 2017 (claimed for 2017-12-31; resolved 2018-07-01) source
- late · SpaceX: Crew Dragon crewed flight (Demo-2) (claimed for 2017-12-31; resolved 2020-05-30) source
- hit · Waymo: Driverless commercial ride-hail in Phoenix 2018 (claimed for 2018-12-31; resolved 2018-12-05) source
- late · Tesla: Tesla Semi production in 2019 (claimed for 2019-12-31; resolved 2022-12-01) source
- missed · Tesla: 1 million robotaxis on the road in 2020 (claimed for 2020-12-31; resolved 2020-12-31) source
- missed · Tesla: Second-generation Roadster deliveries in 2020 (claimed for 2020-12-31; resolved 2020-12-31) source
- hit · SpaceX: Starlink beta service 2020 (claimed for 2020-12-31; resolved 2020-10-01) source
- hit · Waymo: Fully driverless public rides 2020 (claimed for 2020-12-31; resolved 2020-10-08) source
- late · Rivian: R1T deliveries in 2020 (claimed for 2020-12-31; resolved 2021-09-14) source
- late · Neuralink: First human implant in 2020 (claimed for 2020-12-31; resolved 2024-01-28) source
- late · Tesla: Cybertruck production late 2021 (claimed for 2021-12-31; resolved 2023-11-30) source
- missed · SpaceX: First cargo mission to Mars 2022 (claimed for 2022-12-31; resolved 2022-12-31) source
- missed · Rivian: Produce 50,000 vehicles in 2022 (claimed for 2022-12-31; resolved 2023-01-03) source
- missed · Lucid Group: Produce 20,000 vehicles in 2022 (claimed for 2022-12-31; resolved 2023-01-01) source
- missed · Oklo: NRC approval of Aurora combined license application (claimed for 2022-12-31; resolved 2022-01-06) source
- missed · Sierra Space: Dream Chaser first flight to ISS 2022 (claimed for 2022-12-31; resolved 2022-12-31) source
- missed · Relativity Space: Terran 1 reaches orbit (claimed for 2023-03-31; resolved 2023-03-22) source
- hit · Vertex Pharmaceuticals (islet cells): FDA approval of exa-cel (Casgevy) for sickle cell (claimed for 2023-12-08; resolved 2023-12-08) source
- hit · CRISPR Therapeutics: FDA approval of exa-cel (Casgevy) for sickle cell (claimed for 2023-12-08; resolved 2023-12-08) source
- abandoned · SpaceX: dearMoon private lunar flyby 2023 (claimed for 2023-12-31; resolved 2024-06-01) source
- hit · EHang: CAAC type certificate for EH216-S (claimed for 2023-12-31; resolved 2023-10-13) source
- missed · Astrobotic: Peregrine Mission One lunar landing (claimed for 2024-02-23; resolved 2024-01-18) source
- hit · Intuitive Machines: IM-1 soft landing on the Moon (claimed for 2024-02-29; resolved 2024-02-22) source
- hit · AST SpaceMobile: Launch first five BlueBird commercial satellites (claimed for 2024-09-30; resolved 2024-09-12) source
- missed · Joby Aviation: Commercial passenger service 2024 (claimed for 2024-12-31; resolved 2024-12-31) source
- missed · Archer Aviation: Commercial eVTOL service 2024 (claimed for 2024-12-31; resolved 2024-12-31) source
- missed · Northvolt: Deliver cells to BMW under ~€2B order (claimed for 2024-12-31; resolved 2024-06-20) source
- late · Aurora Innovation: Driverless commercial trucking by end of 2024 (claimed for 2024-12-31; resolved 2025-05-01) source
- missed · QuantumScape: Solid-state cells in VW production vehicles by 2024 (claimed for 2024-12-31; resolved 2024-12-31) source
- hit · Firefly Aerospace: Blue Ghost Mission 1 lunar landing (claimed for 2025-03-31; resolved 2025-03-02) source
- hit · Tesla: Robotaxi service launch in Austin June 2025 (claimed for 2025-06-30; resolved 2025-06-22) source
- missed · Commonwealth Fusion Systems: SPARC first plasma 2025 (claimed for 2025-12-31; resolved 2025-12-31) source
- abandoned · Northvolt: Scale Northvolt Ett gigafactory to volume (claimed for 2025-12-31; resolved 2025-03-12) source
- missed · Climeworks: Mammoth captures ~36,000 t CO2/yr at nameplate (claimed for 2025-12-31; resolved 2025-05-01) source
- hit · Zoox: Public robotaxi service in Las Vegas (claimed for 2025-12-31; resolved 2025-09-10) source
- hit · Klarna: US IPO (claimed for 2025-12-31; resolved 2025-09-10) source
- hit · OpenAI: Release GPT-5 (claimed for 2025-12-31; resolved 2025-08-07) source
- late · TerraPower: Natrium demonstration plant operating 2028 (claimed for 2028-12-31; resolved 2022-12-14) source
- abandoned · NuScale Power: UAMPS Carbon Free Power Project first module 2029 (claimed for 2029-12-31; resolved 2023-11-08) source

## Startups by verdict

Verdict classes and 0-10 / 0-5 scores are editorial judgements based on cited sources; not investment advice. Sourced flags are allegations or regulatory actions as reported by the cited source, not findings by this site. Unverified keyword-screen concerns are never published. 402 rows are not yet assessed.

## Moonshot — delivering (27)
- Anduril Industries Military · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Shipping products; frontier claims partly proven.
- Anthropic Information · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Deployed frontier models; capital-heavy.
- Aurora Innovation Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Early driverless trucking deployment.
- Baidu Apollo Go Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Real driverless deployment at scale.
- BioNTech Life Sciences · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- CATL Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 9/10 · high confidence — Drove global battery scale and cost declines.
- Cerebras Systems Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Real novel hardware, modest scale.
- CRISPR Therapeutics Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Delivered first CRISPR therapy.
- DeepSeek Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — Delivered competitive open models cheaply (claimed cost).
- Ethereum Foundation Money & Markets · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Fervo Energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Delivered EGS first.
- Intuitive Surgical Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · high confidence — Created and scaled surgical robotics.
- Mistral AI Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Moderna Life Sciences · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Moonshot AI Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- OpenAI Information · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 9/10 · medium confidence — Created mass-deployed frontier AI; capital intensity is extreme.
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies Life Sciences · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Pony.ai Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Early scale.
- Rocket Lab Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Shield AI Military · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Shipping.
- SpaceX Transport & Space · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 10/10 · high confidence — Delivered reusable launch and Starlink at scale; schedule optimism is the main ding.
- Tesla Transport & Space · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 9/10 · high confidence — EV, battery and charging advances are real and mass-deployed; FSD/robotaxi promises are the integrity drag.
- United Therapeutics (Revivicor) Life Sciences · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Promising but early.
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (islet cells) Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · high confidence — Delivered first approved CRISPR therapy with CRISPR Tx.
- Waymo Transport & Space · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · high confidence — Delivered true driverless service.
- WeRide Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Early scale.
- Zipline Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.

## Foundational enabler (10)
- Aadhaar (UIDAI) Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 9/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Cloudflare Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — Real internet infrastructure; incremental vs frontier.
- CoreWeave Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — Enabler compute provider.
- Databricks Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — Enterprise data infrastructure enabler.
- Hugging Face Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Lean FRO Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- NPCI (UPI) Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 9/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Nvidia Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 10/10 · medium confidence
- Palantir Technologies Military · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — Real deployed software infrastructure for government; enabler more than frontier leap.
- Stripe Money & Markets · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · high confidence — Foundational payments enabler.

## Moonshot — unproven (174)
- 1X Technologies Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Aetherflux Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- AgiBot Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Agility Robotics Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Alice & Bob Information · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Altos Labs Life Sciences · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — Too early.
- Apptronik Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Arc Institute Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Archer Aviation Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — Unproven.
- AST SpaceMobile Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Early delivery.
- Atom Computing Information · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Axiom Math Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Axiom Space Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Ayar Labs Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Beam Therapeutics Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Unproven.
- Beta Technologies Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Blackrock Neurotech Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Blue Origin Transport & Space · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Boom Supersonic Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Boston Dynamics Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Boston Metal Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Breakthrough Initiatives Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Brimstone Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Calico Life Sciences Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- California Forever Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · medium confidence — Nothing built.
- Capstan Therapeutics Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Castelion Military · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Celestial AI Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Chai Discovery Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Climeworks Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — Underdelivering.
- Colossal Biosciences Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Commonwealth Fusion Systems Energy · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · high confidence — Key magnet result delivered; fusion unproven.
- Conception Biosciences Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Convergent Research Math & Physics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Copenhagen Atomics Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Cortical Labs Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Covariant Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- CuspAI Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Divergent Technologies Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- E11 Bio Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Edison Scientific Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- eGenesis Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Eikon Therapeutics Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Electra Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Energy Singularity Energy · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Fusion moonshot, unproven.
- Epirus Military · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Etched Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- EvolutionaryScale Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Extropic Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Figure AI Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- First Light Fusion Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Focused Energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Form Energy Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- FutureHouse Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Gauss Fusion Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- General Fusion Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Generate Biomedicines Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Ginkgo Bioworks Life Sciences · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- GRAIL Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Unproven at population scale.
- Harmonic Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Helical Fusion Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Helion Energy Energy · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — Moonshot, unproven.
- Helsing Military · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Hermeus Military · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- ICEYE Military · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- ICON Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Inertia Enterprises Energy · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — Too early.
- Infleqtion Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Insilico Medicine Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Intellia Therapeutics Life Sciences · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Unproven.
- IonQ Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Real hardware; frontier unproven.
- IQM Quantum Computers Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Isomorphic Labs Life Sciences · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Early.
- JetZero Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Joby Aviation Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — Not yet certified.
- Juvenescence Life Sciences · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Kairos Power Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- KoBold Metals Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Koloma Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- LandSpace Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Life Biosciences Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Lightmatter Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Lila Sciences Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Long Now Foundation Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Loyal Life Sciences · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Lyten Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Machina Labs Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Magic Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Mammoth Biosciences Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Marvel Fusion Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Math Inc Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Merge Labs Life Sciences · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — Too early.
- MiniMax Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Ndea Math & Physics · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — Too early.
- NEOM The Line Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Neuralink Life Sciences · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Early.
- Newcleo Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- NewLimit Life Sciences · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Niron Magnetics Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Normal Computing Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Novatron Fusion Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Nuro Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Pivoting.
- NuScale Power Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — Licensed design, nothing built.
- Oklo Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · medium confidence — Pre-revenue.
- Orbital Materials Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Oxford PV Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Pacific Fusion Energy · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Paradromics Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Pasqal Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Periodic Labs Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Physical Intelligence Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Polymathic AI Math & Physics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Poolside Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Precision Neuroscience Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Preferred Networks Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Prime Medicine Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Profluent Life Sciences · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Protocol Labs Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Proxima Fusion Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Próspera Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- PsiQuantum Information · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Quaise Energy Energy · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Quantinuum Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Unproven advantage.
- QuantumScape Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — Promising, undelivered.
- QuEra Computing Information · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Rapidus Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Realta Fusion Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Unproven.
- Reflection AI Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Rejuvenate Bio Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence
- Relativity Space Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Retro Biosciences Life Sciences · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Rigetti Computing Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Unproven.
- Riverlane Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Safe Superintelligence Information · trying to expand 10/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — Unproven.
- Sakana AI Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Sana Biotechnology Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Saronic Technologies Military · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Science Corp Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Sierra Space Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · medium confidence — Undelivered.
- Sila Nanotechnologies Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Skild AI Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Unproven.
- Starcloud Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- StarkWare Money & Markets · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Startorus Fusion Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Stegra (H2 Green Steel) Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Stoke Space Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Sublime Systems Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Substrate Information · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Synchron Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- TAE Technologies Energy · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- TerraPower Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — Unproven.
- Tessera Therapeutics Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Thea Energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Thinking Machines Lab Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Tokamak Energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Tools for Humanity (World) Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Turn Biotechnologies Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence
- Type One Energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Unitree Robotics Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Unity Biotechnology Life Sciences · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Vaire Computing Math & Physics · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Varda Space Industries Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Vast Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Verve Therapeutics Life Sciences · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Wayve Transport & Space · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Early.
- World Labs Information · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- X-energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Unproven.
- Xaira Therapeutics Life Sciences · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Xanadu Information · trying to expand 9/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Xcimer Energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Zap Energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- ZeroAvia Transport & Space · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Zhipu AI Information · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.

## Incremental (144)
- Aalo Atomics Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Absci Life Sciences · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — Unproven.
- ACWA Power Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Deployment at scale.
- Alpha School Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Ant Group Money & Markets · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Antora Energy Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Apollo Research Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Applied Intuition Military · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Enabler.
- ARC Prize Foundation Math & Physics · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Arcadia Science Math & Physics · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Ascend Elements Energy · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Astroscale Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Avalanche Energy Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Baykar Military · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Bhutan Gelephu Mindfulness City Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- BioAge Labs Life Sciences · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Bittensor (Opentensor Foundation) Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Black Forest Labs Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- BYD Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Massive EV deployment; contractor labor issue noted.
- Carbon Robotics Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Charm Industrial Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Charter Cities Institute Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Circle Money & Markets · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Cognition Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Cohere Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Incremental.
- Coinbase Money & Markets · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Real crypto infrastructure; incremental.
- Community Notes (X) Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Crusoe Energy · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Cursor (Anysphere) Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- D-Wave Quantum Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Narrow capability.
- d.light Energy · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Deep Fission Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Eavor Technologies Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Electric Hydrogen Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Element Biosciences Life Sciences · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- ElevenLabs Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Epic Games (Unreal) Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Real engine infrastructure.
- Epoch AI Math & Physics · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Estonia e-Residency Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Eutelsat OneWeb Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Delivered network after bankruptcy.
- Factorial Energy Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Faraday Factory Japan Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Firefly Aerospace Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Delivered lunar landing.
- Flashbots Money & Markets · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Freenome Life Sciences · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- FuriosaAI Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Gameto Life Sciences · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Gitcoin Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Goodfire Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Groq Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Acquired.
- Group14 Technologies Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Hadrian Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Heirloom Carbon Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Hippocratic AI Life Sciences · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Holtec International Energy · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Husk Power Systems Energy · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Hyperliquid Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Impulse Space Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Inflection AI Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- InstaDeep Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Institute for Progress Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Intuitive Machines Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Partial success.
- Isar Aerospace Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Kalo Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Kalshi Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Khan Academy (Khanmigo) Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Kodiak Robotics Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Kyoto Fusioneering Energy · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Lambda Information · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- LanzaTech Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Last Energy Energy · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Liberland Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Lucid Group Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Capital-heavy.
- Lynk Global Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- M-Pesa (Safaricom) Money & Markets · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · high confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Manifold Markets Money & Markets · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Marathon Fusion Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence
- Masdar Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · low confidence — Deployer.
- Metaculus Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- METR Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Midjourney Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Mitra Chem Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Monolith Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Moore Threads Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Catch-up GPU maker.
- MP Materials Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Strategic but incremental.
- Nous Research Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Nscale Information · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Nubank Money & Markets · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Large financial-inclusion diffusion; modest technical ambition.
- Numerai Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Open Philanthropy (Coefficient Giving) Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- OpenEvidence Life Sciences · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Optimism Collective Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Perplexity Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Phasecraft Math & Physics · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Planet Labs Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Real deployed capability.
- Polis (Computational Democracy Project) Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Polymarket Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Praxis Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 0/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Prime Intellect Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Quantum Machines Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Quantum Systems Military · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Shipping.
- Radiant Industries Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Rebellions Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Redwood Materials Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Redwood Research Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Refik Anadol Studio (DATALAND) Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Regent Craft Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Revolut Money & Markets · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Diffusion of banking.
- Rivian Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Real vehicles; capital-heavy.
- Robinhood Money & Markets · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Business-model innovation more than new capability.
- Roblox Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Large deployed platform; allegations outstanding.
- Rondo Energy Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Runway Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Sage Geosystems Energy · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Sagrada Família Foundation Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- SambaNova Systems Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- SandboxAQ Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Sarvam AI Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Scale AI Information · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Enabler services.
- Skydio Military · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Solana Labs Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Solid Power Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Solugen Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Speculative Technologies Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Sphere Entertainment Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · low confidence — Novel venue.
- Succinct Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Sun King Energy · trying to expand 4/10 · actually expanding 7/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Suno Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Swift Solar Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Symbotic Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Real deployments; accounting restatement.
- Tenstorrent Information · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Together AI Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- True Anomaly Military · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Twelve Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- UBTech Robotics Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Ultima Genomics Life Sciences · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Uniswap Labs Money & Markets · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Upstage Information · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Ursa Major Military · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 3/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Valar Atomics Energy · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Voyager Technologies Transport & Space · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · low confidence — Early.
- Vulcan Elements Chemistry & Materials · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Wing Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Zanskar Energy · trying to expand 5/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · low confidence — No curated assessment yet.

## Tepid / rent-seeking (provisional) (17)
- Abridge Life Sciences · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Canva Architecture & the Arts · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Captions Architecture & the Arts · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Chime Money & Markets · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Descript Architecture & the Arts · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Function Health Life Sciences · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Gamma Architecture & the Arts · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Glean Information · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Govini Military · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Harvey Information · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- HeyGen Architecture & the Arts · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Lovable Information · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Mercury Money & Markets · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Replit Information · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Sierra Information · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Speak Philosophy & Institutions · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.
- Synthesia Architecture & the Arts · low confidence — Provisional: enterprise/consumer SaaS tier (diffusion) — new pricing/packaging of existing capability, not frontier.

## Tepid / rent-seeking (11)
- Binance Money & Markets · trying to expand 2/10 · actually expanding 5/10 · medium confidence — Classified on merits; plea weighs heavily on integrity.
- Brex Money & Markets · trying to expand 0/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Repackaging.
- Duolingo Philosophy & Institutions · trying to expand 2/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Consumer app, no frontier capability.
- Energy Vault Energy · trying to expand 3/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.
- Figma Architecture & the Arts · trying to expand 2/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Strong product but software-tool diffusion, not frontier.
- Klarna Money & Markets · trying to expand 2/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Financing repackaging.
- Paytm Money & Markets · trying to expand 2/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — Regulatory ban weighs on integrity.
- PhonePe Money & Markets · trying to expand 2/10 · actually expanding 8/10 · medium confidence — Diffusion of public rail.
- Ramp Money & Markets · trying to expand 0/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Pricing/packaging innovation.
- Strategy (MicroStrategy) Money & Markets · trying to expand 2/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — Holds bitcoin via leverage; no new technology.
- Tether Money & Markets · trying to expand 3/10 · actually expanding 6/10 · medium confidence — No curated assessment yet.

## Squandered (3)
- Desktop Metal Manufacturing & Robotics · trying to expand 6/10 · actually expanding 4/10 · medium confidence — Value destroyed.
- Natron Energy Energy · trying to expand 8/10 · actually expanding 2/10 · medium confidence — Capital lost.
- Northvolt Energy · trying to expand 7/10 · actually expanding 1/10 · high confidence — Large capital, failed to deliver; bankruptcy 2025.

## Down the road

76 future milestones, grouped by how far along they are (progress: deploying > demonstrated > early > none). Readiness is an estimate from precursor counts, not a forecast.

## Deploying now
- India Stack philosophy — Open digital identity, payments, and data rails that make public services instant and cheap.
- Whole-brain connectome of a fly life — Every neuron and synapse of an adult fruit-fly brain mapped (FlyWire, 2024), a first full wiring diagram of a complex brain.

## Demonstrated
- AI-mediated deliberation at scale philosophy — Tools that let millions of people find common ground (vTaiwan, Polis), consent at scale.
- AI-run mathematics science — AI systems find, prove and formally check new theorems with people as reviewers. Expert verification, not generation, is now the bottleneck.
- Autonomous construction robots robotics — Robots that 3D-print and assemble buildings, roads, and landing pads, on Earth and off it.
- Charter cities and governance sandboxes philosophy — New jurisdictions that pilot rules at city scale and measure outcomes, the real-world test after simulation.
- Clearing aging aggregates life — Engineered enzymes and antibodies that remove lipofuscin, amyloids, and crosslinks that cells cannot clear themselves.
- Fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale computing — Millions of physical qubits running error-corrected algorithms. It unlocks exact chemistry, materials design, and quantum simulation of physics.
- First AI-discovered drug approved life — A drug whose target and molecule were both found by AI, completing regulatory approval.
- Fully reusable Starship and orbital refilling transport — Both stages caught and reflown and propellant transferred in orbit. Launch costs fall by another order of magnitude.
- General-purpose humanoid workforce robotics — Robots that learn any manual task from demonstration and work safely beside people.
- Gigaton-scale carbon removal energy — Direct air capture and mineralization at gigatons per year, practice for planet-scale atmospheric engineering.
- High-bandwidth brain–computer interfaces life — Implants with tens of thousands of channels, reading and writing neural activity at the speed of speech and beyond.
- Human-level dexterous robot hands robotics — Robot hands that manipulate anything a human can, the gap between today's humanoids and a general workforce.
- Inverse materials design materials — Specify the properties and AI returns a synthesizable material. It is already producing millions of candidate crystals.
- Long-duration grid storage energy — Week-long storage (iron-air, thermal, pumped) that makes intermittent power firm.
- Mass-produced advanced fission energy — Factory-built reactors (molten salt, high-temperature gas, fast) deployed like aircraft engines. This is firm power for industry and space.
- Photonic and optical computing at scale computing — Moving data and some arithmetic onto light to break the power wall of electronic interconnect. It is needed for brain-scale emulation and energy-efficient AI.
- Planetary defense (asteroid deflection) military — Detecting and deflecting hazardous asteroids, shown by NASA's DART impact in 2022. The same skills later move icy bodies on purpose.
- Policy prediction markets and forecasting money — Markets and forecasting tournaments that aggregate dispersed knowledge about policy outcomes.
- Population-scale cancer early detection life — Blood tests that catch dozens of cancers at stage I across whole populations.
- REBCO high-field superconducting magnets at industrial scale energy — High-temperature superconducting tape (REBCO) magnets at 20 T and above, made by the thousand. They enable compact fusion, maglev, and magnetospheric shields.
- Self-driving laboratories science — Robotic labs where AI plans, runs, and analyzes experiments in closed loops, 24/7. This turns science from artisanal into industrial.
- Space gravitational-wave observatory (LISA) science — LISA-class detectors listening to merging black holes across cosmic time. They are precision probes of spacetime's structure.
- Whole mouse-brain connectome life — Synapse-level wiring of a mammalian brain. Cubic-millimetre pieces have already been mapped (MICrONS).
- Whole-genome synthesis life — Writing entire genomes from scratch (synthetic yeast, then multicellular genomes) so organisms can be designed, not just edited.
- Zettascale AI compute computing — Training and inference clusters a thousand times larger than today's, built on next-node lithography, chiplets, and stacked memory. Nearly every other precursor draws on it.

## Early research
- Aging as an approvable indication philosophy — Regulators accept "slowing aging" as a treatable target, unlocking investment in therapies that prevent many diseases at once.
- Aneutronic fusion (p–B11, D–He3) energy — Fusion that releases energy mostly as charged particles, allowing direct conversion to electricity with little neutron damage. It is far harder than D–T fusion.
- Artificial general intelligence computing — AI systems that match expert humans across most cognitive work, including open-ended research and engineering. It is the common engine behind nearly every moonshot.
- Asteroid mining transport — Extracting water, metals, and volatiles from near-Earth asteroids, the raw material base for the space economy.
- Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture science — Millennium Prize problem: the rank of an elliptic curve equals the order of vanishing of its L-function at 1.
- Commercial fusion power energy — Net-electric fusion plants delivering power to the grid. Ignition has been shown; engineering the plant is the remaining work.
- Complete causal model of aging science — A mechanistic map of how the hallmarks of aging interact, showing which interventions reset the system.
- Futarchy: vote on values, bet on beliefs philosophy — Robin Hanson's proposal: citizens choose goals, and policies are adopted when markets predict they will advance them.
- Humans on Mars transport — The first crewed landing on Mars and a return home.
- International AI compute governance philosophy — Treaties and monitoring of frontier compute that make advanced AI development legible and cooperative.
- Laser-sail interstellar probes transport — Gram-scale probes pushed by gigawatt lasers to about 20% of light speed (Breakthrough Starshot concept). These are the first robotic visits to nearby stars.
- Mechanistic interpretability computing — Reading the algorithms inside neural networks feature by feature, so AI reasoning can be audited rather than trusted blindly.
- Nature of dark energy science — What drives the accelerating expansion of the universe: a cosmological constant or something that evolves?
- Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness (unforced) science — Millennium Prize problem: do smooth 3D fluid flows stay smooth forever? The unforced question remains open.
- Next-generation collider (FCC / CEPC) science — A ~90 km collider (CERN's FCC or China's CEPC) to study the Higgs with precision and then reach ~100 TeV, an order of magnitude beyond the LHC, using high-field superconducting magnets. Both are at the planning stage.
- Origin of life (abiogenesis) life — How chemistry became biology: a full, reproducible path from simple molecules to a self-replicating, evolving cell.
- Partial reprogramming therapies in humans life — Cyclic Yamanaka-factor treatments that restore youthful epigenetic states without causing cancer.
- Permanent lunar base transport — A crewed outpost at the lunar south pole with ice mining. The proving ground for living off-world.
- Planetary stewardship institutions philosophy — Governance able to manage century-scale planetary projects and Earth's own climate, with legitimacy across generations.
- Recursive self-improvement (RSI) computing — AI systems that improve their own algorithms, training and hardware, each generation building the next. This is the bridge from AGI to superintelligence, and the point where verifiable alignment matters most.
- Self-replicating space factories robotics — Stage 1 von Neumann probe: a seed factory in the solar system that turns asteroid or lunar material into copies of itself. Studied by NASA in 1980; RepRap and in-orbit printing are small first steps.
- Superhot-rock geothermal energy — Drilling to supercritical-temperature rock for baseload power almost anywhere on Earth.
- Verifiable AI alignment and oversight computing — Methods to specify, verify, and audit what powerful AI systems do and why. This is a precondition for trusting AI with science, governance, and our minds.
- Virtual cell to virtual human simulation life — Predictive simulation from molecules to organs, so therapies are tested in silico before any patient.

## Not yet started / speculative
- Binding machine-ethics law (Asimov-style laws in statute) philosophy — Enforceable law that AI systems themselves must obey (harm avoidance, obedience within limits, honesty), verified in the systems and not just required of their makers.
- Dark matter identified science — Detecting what dark matter is, the first new ingredient of the universe since the Standard Model.
- Effective, efficient government philosophy · capstone — Government that reliably delivers outcomes at low cost and with consent: policies are tested before enactment, measured after, and administered with near-zero friction. It is mostly a social-technology problem, so the chain is short but adoption is hard.
- Faster-than-light travel (effective FTL) transport · capstone — Reaching other stars in less time than light takes, by engineering spacetime itself (an Alcubierre-type warp metric or a traversable wormhole) rather than outrunning light locally. Every known route needs physics we do not have yet, so this spire is the tallest.
- Hodge conjecture science — Millennium Prize problem linking the topology of complex algebraic varieties to their algebraic subvarieties.
- Interstellar von Neumann probe transport — Stage 2: a probe that reaches another star system, builds copies of itself from local material and sends them on, spreading across the galaxy at sublight speed. If such probes are possible, their absence is one form of the Fermi paradox.
- Longevity escape velocity life — Life expectancy rises by more than a year per year: therapies outpace aging.
- Matter–antimatter asymmetry science — Why the universe contains matter but almost no antimatter. The Standard Model's CP violation is far too small to explain it.
- Mind uploading / human–AI merge computing · capstone — A human mind that continues on (or seamlessly extends into) a computational substrate, by gradual neural integration or whole-brain emulation. The deepest unknown is not engineering but whether, and how, identity and experience carry over.
- Nanomachines (molecular assemblers) materials · capstone — Drexler-style molecular nanotechnology: programmable machines that build almost anything atom by atom, from diamondoid structures to medical nanobots. It is engineering-limited, not physics-limited, but no one has yet demonstrated a general assembler.
- Outer-moon settlement (Titan, Callisto or Ganymede) transport — A crewed base among the giant planets. Callisto sits outside Jupiter's worst radiation; Titan has a thick atmosphere and hydrocarbons.
- P vs NP science — Millennium Prize problem: can every quickly checked solution also be quickly found? The answer shapes cryptography, AI and optimization.
- Permanent crewed Mars outpost transport — Continuously crewed Mars base resupplied from Earth: the step between a first landing and a self-sustaining city.
- Post-scarcity energy and matter energy · capstone — Energy, materials, food, water, and manufactured goods become so cheap that material scarcity stops constraining human lives. It combines abundant clean energy with self-replicating automation and atomically precise manufacturing.
- Programmable molecular assemblers materials — General-purpose machines that build other products, including copies of themselves, from molecular feedstock.
- Riemann hypothesis science — Millennium Prize problem: all nontrivial zeros of the zeta function lie on the critical line. It underpins the distribution of primes.
- Room-temperature, ambient-pressure superconductor materials — A material that superconducts without cooling or crushing pressure. It is not known to exist (tier 3, an open question in condensed-matter physics), but it would transform grids, magnets, and computing.
- Rotating space habitats transport — O'Neill cylinders with artificial gravity, homes for millions off Earth.
- Self-sustaining Mars city transport — A million-person city that can survive if the ships stop coming, and the industrial base for terraforming.
- Solar-system power swarm (Dyson swarm segments) energy — Self-replicating factories turn asteroid material into collectors orbiting the Sun, scaling energy capture by orders of magnitude. Needed for planet-scale and spacetime-scale engineering.
- Superintelligence computing — Intelligence far beyond the best humans in science and engineering. Its limits are unknown (tier 3), but it would compress centuries of R&D into years.
- Terraforming transport · capstone — Making another world, most likely Mars, habitable to unprotected life by thickening its atmosphere, warming it, shielding it, and seeding a biosphere. No new physics is needed, but the industrial scale is enormous and needs a self-replicating space economy.
- Unlimited healthy human lifespan life · capstone — Aging stops being a cause of death: damage is repaired faster than it accumulates, in every tissue, including the brain. It is largely an engineering and biology problem, with no new physics required.
- Whole-brain emulation of a human computing — Running a human mind's dynamics on computers with functional fidelity.
- Yang–Mills existence and mass gap science — Millennium Prize problem: give quantum Yang–Mills theory a rigorous footing and prove its lightest particle has positive mass.